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. 2024 Aug 19;12(1):143–155. doi: 10.1093/emph/eoae017

Figure 1.

(a) An x-ray of a child’s broken arm, showing two fractures in close proximity to one other. (b) A child sitting on a table in a doctor’s waiting room with a cast on his right forearm. (c) A child standing in a neighborhood park with a soft splint on her left arm and wearing a shirt that reads: “Monkey Bars:1, My Arm: 0”.

Playground falls and forelimb fractures. (a) Angular fractures (arrows) of the radial and ulnar diaphyses of a 6-year-old male. The radial fracture is complete and involves both cortices; however, the ulnar fracture is incomplete with cortical and buckle fractures, exemplifying so-called greenstick fractures. Greenstick fractures are common among children <10 years of age when an angulated longitudinal force is applied along the bone of an outstretched arm. Case courtesy of Samir Benoudina, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 21674. (b) L.D.F. at six years old in 2002, when radio-ulnar fractures from falls were treated with hard casts; photograph by Steve Fannin, reproduced with permission. (c) Today, most radio-ulnar fractures are treated with soft splints; photograph by Jennifer Bernstein, reproduced with permission.