TABLE 2.
Effects of locust organic extracts on spore adhesion (A), germination (G), and appressorium differentiation (D)
| Treatmenta | % Change
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 h
|
24 h
|
|||||
| A | G | D | A | G | D | |
| YE | 95 | 39 | 0 | 100 | 79 | 0 |
| Dichloromethane | 40 | 28 | 3 | 97 | 81 | 9 |
| Dichloromethane + YE | 100 | 87 | 9 | 100 | >99 | 66 |
| Dichloromethane + YE + H89 (5 μM) | 84 | 61 | 0 | 100 | 87 | 0 |
| Dichloromethane + YE + PD98059 (10 nM) | 80 | 22 | 0 | 95 | 65 | 0 |
| Hexane | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 10 | 0 |
| Hexane + YE | 95 | 55 | 0 | 100 | 80 | 0 |
| Methanol | 100 | 91 | 3 | 98 | >99 | 47 |
| Methanol + YE | 100 | 93 | 53 | 100 | >99 | 63 |
| LPL (1 mg/ml) | 95 | 67 | 0 | 100 | >99 | 13 |
| LPL (2 mg/ml) | 100 | 94 | 4 | 100 | >99 | 17 |
| LPL (4 mg/ml) | 100 | 95 | 0 | 100 | >99 | 0 |
| LPL (1 mg/ml) + YE | 95 | 85 | 3 | 100 | >99 | 8 |
a
Ethanol containing 1 mg of locust dichloromethane, hexane, or methanol extract was evaporated on coverslips that were placed in 5.5-cm petri dishes containing 2 ml of water or 0.0125% yeast extract (YE) and 10,000 conidia of M. anisopliae var. acridum ARSEF 324. The effects of YE alone and the water-soluble fraction of the methanol extract (locust polar lipid [LPL]) were tested using ethanol-washed cover slips. Percent germination and differentiation frequencies were determined from counts on the petri dish surface overlaid by the coverslip. Adhesion was determined on separate petri dishes not containing coverslips.