Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study participants according to probability of prodromal PD
| Characteristics | Probability based on China criteria | Probability based on MDS criteria | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | High | P value | Low | High | P value | |
| No. of participants | 6579 | 2198 | - | 6583 | 2194 | - |
| Sex, males (%) | 2960 (45.0) | 709 (32.3) | <0.001 | 2919 (44.3) | 750 (34.2) | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 59 (54-64) | 65 (62-67) | <0.001 | 59 (54-64) | 65 (62-67) | <0.001 |
| Education level, years | 9 (6-9) | 5 (2-7) | <0.001 | 9 (6-9) | 5 (2-7) | <0.001 |
| Cigarette smoking, n (%) | ||||||
| Current smoking | 1720 (26.1) | 245 (11.2) | <0.001 | 1745 (26.5) | 220 (10.0) | <0.001 |
| Former smoking | 377 (5.7) | 170 (7.7) | 392 (6.0) | 155 (7.1) | ||
| Never smoking | 4482 (68.1) | 1783 (81.1) | 4446 (67.5) | 1819 (82.9) | ||
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | ||||||
| Current drinking | 1171 (17.8) | 218 (9.9) | <0.001 | 1134 (17.2) | 255 (11.6) | <0.001 |
| Former drinking | 189 (17.8) | 59 (2.7) | 194 (3.0) | 54 (2.5) | ||
| Never drinking | 5219(79.3) | 1921 (87.4) | 5255 (79.8) | 1885 (85.9) | ||
| Physical activity, MET-min/week | 960 (0-4200) | 960 (0-4480) | 0.203 | 960 (0-4320) | 720 (0-4320) | 0.702 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.9 (21.9-26.2) | 23.7 (21.7-25.8) | 0.005 | 23.9 (21.9-26.2) | 23.8 (21.8,25.8) | 0.037 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 129 (118-140) | 130 (120-141) | 0.137 | 129 (119-141) | 130 (120-141) | 0.208 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 73 (67-79) | 70 (65-76) | <0.001 | 73 (67-79) | 71 (65-76) | <0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.3 (5.0-5.9) | 5.4 (5.0-5.9) | 0.209 | 5.3 (5.0-5.8) | 5.4 (5.0-5.9) | 0.137 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.4 (1.0-2.0) | 1.4 (1.0-1.9) | 0.146 | 1.4 (1.0-2.0) | 1.3 (1.0-1.9) | 0.243 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.3 (4.6-5.9) | 5.2 (4.6-5.9) | 0.456 | 5.3 (4.6-5.9) | 5.2 (4.6-5.9) | 0.514 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.3 (2.8-3.9) | 3.3 (2.7-3.9) | 0.225 | 3.3 (2.8-3.9) | 3.3 (2.7-3.9) | 0.330 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.4 (1.2-1.6) | 1.4 (1.2-1.7) | <0.001 | 1.4 (1.2-1.6) | 1.4 (1.2-1.7) | <0.001 |
| PSQI Score, points | 3 (2-5) | 3 (2-6) | <0.001 | 3 (2-5) | 3 (2-6) | <0.001 |
| Poor quality sleep, n (%) | 1415 (21.5) | 560 (25.5) | <0.001 | 1417 (21.5) | 558 (25.4) | 0.001 |
Notes: Results were presented with n (%) or median (interquartile range) as appropriate.
Abbreviations: BP: blood pressure; FPG: Fasting blood glucose; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; MET-min: metabolic equivalents minutes; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; MDS: Movement Disorder Society; PD: Parkinson disease.