Table 4.

Some references indicating the indirect and direct mode of attack and the mechanisms of algicidal effects.

Bacterial strain	Target algal species	Mode of action and mechanisms	References
Alcaligenes denitrificans	M. aeruginosa	Direct attack: algal cell lysis	[173]
Bacillus sp. and Brevibacillus sp.	Microcystis aeruginosa	Indirect attack: Damages to the photosynthesis system, morphological injury of algal cells, oxidative stress, and dysfunction of the DNA repair system	[174]
Pseudomonas putida	Microcystis aeruginosa	Indirect attack: Inhibition of photosynthetic apparatus synthesis	[175]
Streptomyces jiujiangensis	M. aeruginosa	Indirect attack: Damage vegetative cells, crumpling, perforation, breakage of filamentous and, increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease chlorophyll	[176]
Sulfitobacter porphyrae	Prorocentrum donghaiense	Indirect attack: Destroying algal cell membrane and causing intracellular leakage, decline of chlorophyll a content, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the electron transport rate (rETR), and increased of ROS production	[23]
Vibrio alginolyticus	Chaetomorpha valida	Indirect attack: Morphological damage, dispersion of intracellular pigments, decrease in chlorophyll-a content and Fv/Fm, downregulation of genes related to photosynthesis, increased ROS and downregulation of peroxisomes	[177]