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. 2024 Sep 15;15:8081. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-52310-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Changes in each biomarker level against the baseline (Δvalue) were compared between three aging rate groups using the Emmeans test with the baseline biomarker level adjusted as a covariate: top 25% (Fast, colored in red), middle 50% (Middle, colored in blue), and bottom 25% (Slow, colored in green) based on the distribution of the rate residuals regressed against the baseline metabolomic aging score. Two-sided P values from Emmeans tests are adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) procedure. Data were presented as estimated marginal means with 95% confidence intervals. *BH-adjusted P value <5E-02; **BH-adjusted P value <5E-03; ***BH-adjusted P value <5E-04; ****BH-adjusted P value <5E-05 (Exact P values are available in the corresponding Source Data file). The full name of each metabolomic biomarker is provided in Supplementary Data 1. The sample size for each NMR biomarker in the plot is 13,263. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.