Table 2.
Mean values of average daily dose (ADD), hazard quotient (HQ), total hazard quotient (THQ), and cumulative hazard index (HI) of non-carcinogenic risks for adults and children.
| Elements | ADD ingestion | ADD inhalation | ADD dermal | HQ ingestion | HQ inhalation | HQ dermal | HQ total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults | ||||||||
| Al | 1.50E-02 | 2.20E-06 | 1.70E-04 | 1.50E-02 | 1.83E-01 | 1.67E-02 | 2.15E-01 | |
| As | 7.24E-06 | 1.06E-09 | 2.48E-06 | 2.41E-02 | 3.55E-06 | 5.26E-03 | 2.94E-02 | |
| Cd | 2.61E-06 | 3.84E-10 | 2.97E-08 | 2.61E-02 | 3.84E-06 | 1.04E-03 | 2.71E-02 | |
| Co | 8.02E-06 | 1.18E-09 | 3.66E-08 | 4.01E-04 | 2.07E-04 | 2.26E-03 | 2.87E-03 | |
| Cr | 3.68E-05 | 5.42E-09 | 4.20E-07 | 1.23E-02 | 1.89E-04 | 4.77E-02 | 6.02E-02 | |
| Cu | 2.75E-05 | 4.05E-09 | 3.14E-07 | 7.42E-04 | 1.01E-07 | 1.07E-02 | 1.15E-02 | |
| Fe | 6.44E-03 | 9.47E-07 | 7.34E-05 | 9.20E-03 | 4.30E-03 | 1.21E-02 | 2.56E-02 | |
| Mn | 2.05E-04 | 3.01E-08 | 2.33E-06 | 1.46E-03 | 2.10E-03 | 2.92E-03 | 6.48E-03 | |
| Ni | 2.52E-05 | 3.71E-09 | 5.75E-08 | 1.26E-03 | 1.80E-07 | 1.47E-03 | 2.73E-03 | |
| V | 5.37E-05 | 7.90E-09 | 6.12E-07 | 7.67E-03 | 1.13E-06 | 5.26E-03 | 1.29E-02 | |
| Zn | 7.89E-06 | 1.16E-09 | 5.40E-08 | 2.63E-05 | 3.87E-09 | 6.06E-02 | 6.07E-02 | |
| Zr | 3.85E-06 | 5.66E-10 | 4.39E-08 | 4.81E-02 | 7.07E-06 | 2.53E-04 | 4.84E-02 | |
| Total | 2.18E-02 | 3.20E-06 | 2.50E-04 | HI | 1.46E-01 | 1.90E-01 | 1.66E-01 | 5.03E-01 |
| Children | ||||||||
| Al | 1.40E-01 | 1.03E-05 | 1.37E-04 | 1.40E-01 | 8.55E-01 | 1.37E-03 | 9.96E-01 | |
| As | 6.76E-05 | 4.97E-09 | 1.99E-06 | 2.25E-01 | 1.66E-05 | 1.62E-02 | 2.41E-01 | |
| Cd | 2.44E-05 | 1.79E-09 | 2.39E-08 | 2.44E-01 | 1.79E-05 | 2.39E-03 | 2.46E-01 | |
| Co | 7.49E-05 | 5.51E-09 | 2.94E-08 | 3.74E-03 | 9.64E-04 | 1.83E-06 | 4.71E-03 | |
| Cr | 3.44E-04 | 2.53E-08 | 3.37E-07 | 1.15E-01 | 8.84E-04 | 5.61E-02 | 1.72E-01 | |
| Cu | 2.57E-04 | 1.89E-08 | 2.52E-07 | 6.93E-03 | 4.70E-07 | 2.10E-05 | 6.95E-03 | |
| Fe | 6.01E-02 | 4.42E-06 | 5.89E-05 | 8.58E-02 | 2.01E-02 | 8.41E-04 | 1.07E-01 | |
| Mn | 1.91E-03 | 1.40E-07 | 1.87E-06 | 1.36E-02 | 9.81E-03 | 1.04E-03 | 2.45E-02 | |
| Ni | 2.35E-04 | 1.73E-08 | 4.61E-08 | 1.18E-02 | 8.40E-07 | 8.54E-06 | 1.18E-02 | |
| V | 5.01E-04 | 3.69E-08 | 4.91E-07 | 7.16E-02 | 5.27E-06 | 7.02E-03 | 7.86E-02 | |
| Zn | 7.37E-05 | 5.42E-09 | 4.33E-08 | 2.46E-04 | 1.81E-08 | 7.22E-07 | 2.46E-04 | |
| Zr | 3.59E-05 | 2.64E-09 | 3.52E-08 | 4.49E-01 | 3.30E-05 | 4.40E-04 | 4.49E-01 | |
| Total | 2.03E-01 | 1.49E-05 | 2.01E-04 | HI | 1.37E + 00 | 8.87E-01 | 8.54E-02 | 2.34E + 00 |