Table 5:

Pairs of individuals who were bitten by the same animal but who had different outcomes

	Details of exposed patients who died of rabies	Details of exposed patients who survived	Potential explanation for the breakthrough infection in the fatal case reported by study
Gadekar, et al19	Male aged 30 years with left middle finger dog bite; no wound care done; received four doses of-cell culture vaccine per ESSEN* regimen; no reported delay in seeking care; died 27 days after dog bite; probable rabies case	Male aged 5 years with two dog bites in right gluteal region; wound cleaning and irrigation with povidone iodine; vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin administered per five-dose ESSEN* regimen; no reported delay in seeking care	No immediate wound cleaning; no rabies immunoglobulin administration; bite in a high-risk site (ie, finger compared with gluteal region)
Fescharek, et al20	Male aged 6 years with dog bites on upper lip, left calf, upper arm, and scalp; wound care with disinfection; vaccine given on the day of the bite and rabies immunoglobulin administered the next day; received tetanus prophylaxis and antibiotics; patient received purified chick embryo cell-culture vaccine by intramuscular injection on days 0, 3, 7, and 14; had additional surgery for facial wound with ketamine 3 days post-bite; died 3 days after the fourth vaccine dose; probable rabies case	Male aged 8 years with dog bite on left check, left ear, and scalp; wound care with disinfection; vaccine given on the day of the bite and rabies immunoglobulin administrated the next day; received tetanus prophylaxis and antibiotics	Suppression of immune system by ketamine after high-risk bite; potential for more severe wound because the patient required additional surgery
Tabbara and Al-Omar21	Female aged 7 years with eyelid bite from fox; had a delay of 48 h in seeking care; wound cleaning information missing; received vaccination, rabies immunoglobulin, tetanus prophylaxis, and antibiotics; did not report regimen or how many vaccine doses received; died weeks after bites; probable rabies case	Female aged 18 months with bite from fox on eyelid and abrasion on left check and nose; no reported delay in seeking care or receiving post-exposure prophylaxis; wound cleaning information missing; received vaccine, rabies immunoglobulin, and antibiotics	Delay in rabies immunoglobulin administration; amount of rabies virus inoculated could have been larger; laceration was proximate to the cranial nerves

^*ESSEN is a WHO-approved regimen cell-culture vaccine given on days 0, 3, 7, and either on days 14 and 28 (five-dose) or once between days 14–28 (four-dose)⁴ (appendix p 5).