Figure 5.

In vivo evaluation of the anticancer and immunotherapeutic effects of _ERFe₃O₄ NPs. (a) Digital photograph of hemolysis test and quantification of hemolysis rate (HR%) of _ERFe₃O₄ NPs. (b) Fluorescence imaging of major organs and tumor 24 h post-injection of _ERFe₃O₄ NPs. (c) The concentrations of Fe ions in mouse tissues and tumor were measured via ICP-MS analysis after 24 h administration of _ERFe₃O₄ NPs. The results were presented as the percentage of the injected dose per gram of tissue (% ID/g). (d) Schematic diagram of timeline depicting the treatment process of PBS, emodin, _RFe₃O₄ NPs, or _ERFe₃O₄ NPs. (e) The body weight change of mouse during the treatment period. (f) Tumor growth curves were plotted for a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model treated with various nanoparticles (n = 6). (g) After 18 days of treatment, tumor tissue was stained using H&E. (h) Immunofluorescence stained of CD80 and CD86 in tumor tissue on the 8th day (Red: CD80. Green: CD86). (i and j) Flow cytometry was used to analyze the levels of CD16/32 and CD206 in F4/80⁺ macrophages within tumor tissues. In (a), (e), and (f), asterisks indicate statistical significance compared to the PBS group, as determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc analysis. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.