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. 2024 Aug 30;62:101474. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101474

Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

Study Study location Study Design Sample Size Type of Plasmodium Species Malaria detection Method
Alemayehu 2020 [31] Ethiopia Cross-sectional study 897 P. falciparum RT-PCR
Aribodor 2009 [56] Nigeria Cross-sectional study 500 P. falciparum Thick smear
Bassey 2015 [57] Nigeria Cross-sectional study 210 P. falciparum Thick and thin smears
Bater 2020 [29] Uganda Prospective cohort study 3841 NA RDT
Biteghe-Bi-Essone 2022 [41] Gabon Transversal study 323 P. falciparum RDT, thick blood smear
Chawla 2007 [46] India Observational study 416 P. falciparum, P. vivax Peripheral blood smear
Datta 2017 [44] India Prospective study 64 P. falciparum, P. vivax Peripheral blood smear or ELISA test
Dombrowski 2018 [34] Brazil Observational study 14,487 P. falciparum, P. vivax Thin and thick blood smear
Dombrowski 2019 [33] Brazil Cohort study 4291 P. falciparum, P. vivax Peripheral blood thin and thick blood smear
Dombrowski 2021 [35] Brazil Observational cohort study 329 P. vivax Thick and thin peripheral blood smears & and PCR
Feresu 2015 [50] Zimbabwe Secondary data analysis 3110 NA NA
Gavina 2018 [54] Colombia Longitudinal study 180 P. falciparum, P. vivax RT-qPCR, and placental histopathology
Gaw 2019 [49] Democratic Republic of the Congo Cross-sectional study 34 P. falciparum Malaria symptoms and Peripheral blood smear
Honkpéhèdji 2021 [42] Gabon Cohort study 678 P. falciparum Thick blood smear
Hussein 2022 [39] Ghana Prospective cohort study 1323 P. falciparum RDT
Kamga 2024 [36] Cameroon Cross-sectional study 380 P. falciparum PCR
Kumlachew 2018 [32] Ethiopia A cross-sectional study 381 NA NA
Lingani 2022 [55] Burkina Faso Cross-sectional study 600 P. falciparum Peripheral blood sample
Lloyd 2018 [38] Cameroon Observational study 1377 P. falciparum Thick and thin blood smears
Luxemburger 2001 [48] Thailand Cohort study 1495 P. falciparum, P. vivax Blood Smear
Megnekou 2023 [37] Cameroon Retrospective case-control study 134 P. falciparum Thick and thin blood smears
Mikomangwa 2019 [53] Tanzania Cross-sectional study 631 NA RDT
Nekaka 2020 [30] Uganda Cross-sectional study 210 P. falciparum Thick and thin peripheral blood smears & and PCR
Nkwabong 2020 [19] Cameroon Cohort study 3063 NA RDT, thick blood smear
Quanquin 2020 [28] Uganda Observational study 40 P. falciparum Placenta biopsies for histological diagnosis with PCR
Quinn 2021 [40] Ghana Cohort study 1288 NA Placental histopathology
Rijken 2014 [47] Thailand Population Cohort Study 10,264 P. falciparum, P. vivax Giemsa stained thick and thin blood films
Singh 2014 [45] India Observational study 203 P. falciparum, P. vivax Thick and thin smear
Singh 2020 [43] India Prospective cohort study 286 P. falciparum Thin and thick blood smear
Ticconi 2003 [51] Zimbabwe Case-control study 986 NA Blood smear
Weckman 2021 [52] Malawi Observational cohort study 421 P. falciparum PCR

Abbreviations: ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, NA: Not Available, PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction, RDT: Rapid Diagnostic Test, RT PCR: Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, RT-qPCR: Reverse Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction.