Table 2.
Bayesian multilevel analysis for recent birth predicting c section delivery by background characteristics in South India, 2019-21
| Background characteristic | Model 1: Null model | Model 2: Individual level | Model 3: Household level | Model 4: Ind + household (full model) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual characteristics | AOR (95% Cr.I) | AOR (95% Cr.I) | AOR (95% Cr.I) | AOR (95% Cr.I) |
| Mother’s age at child birth | ||||
| < 20 year(Ref) | ||||
| 20–29 year | 1.13 [1.09 1.16]* | 1.12 [1.07 1.18]* | ||
| 30 + year | 1.5 [1.4 1.62]* | 1.4 [1.34 1.46]* | ||
| Mother’s schooling | ||||
| No Education(Ref) | ||||
| Primary | 1.24 [1.14 1.35]* | 1.14 [1.1 1.19]* | ||
| Secondary | 1.53 [1.4 1.67]* | 1.44 [1.35 1.53]* | ||
| Higher | 1.58 [1.42 1.76]* | 1.44 [1.35 1.53]* | ||
| Pregnancy Problem | ||||
| No(Ref) | ||||
| Yes | 1 [0.96 1.04] | 0.98 [0.93 1.04] | ||
| Registered with | ||||
| Not ANM(Ref) | ||||
| ANM | 1.05 [0.98 1.1] | 1.06 [1 1.11] | ||
| Place of delivery | ||||
| Government hospital(Ref) | ||||
| Private hospital | 3.2 [3.05 3.35]* | 3.28 [3.15 3.4]* | ||
| High Risk Fertility Behaviour | ||||
| No Risk(Ref) | ||||
| Single Risk | 0.83 [0.77 0.89]* | 0.86 [0.83 0.9]* | ||
| Multiple Risk | 0.5 [0.47 0.54]* | 0.57 [0.53 0.6]* | ||
| Number of ANC visits | ||||
| <=3 visits(Ref) | ||||
| >= 4 visits | 1.01 [0.94 1.07] | 0.99 [0.93 1.05] | ||
| Age at marriage | ||||
| < 18 years(Ref) | ||||
| 18–24 years | 1.15 [1.1 1.19]* | 1.19 [1.14 1.24]* | ||
| >=25 years | 1.64 [1.51 1.79]* | 1.77 [1.67 1.89]* | ||
| Ever Pregnancy Termination | ||||
| No (Ref) | ||||
| Yes | 1.21 [1.16 1.25]* | 1.2 [1.12 1.28]* | ||
| Size of the child | ||||
| Normal(Ref) | ||||
| Bigger than normal | 1.16 [1.11 1.22]* | 1.18 [1.12 1.25]* | ||
| Less than normal | 1.15 [1.03 1.26]* | 1.24 [1.19 1.3]* | ||
| Household Characteristics | ||||
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poorest(Ref) | ||||
| Poorer | 1.6 [1.4 1.82]* | 1.51 [1.47 1.56]* | ||
| Middle | 2.25 [2.07 2.49]* | 1.68 [1.61 1.75]* | ||
| Richer | 2.75 [2.48 3.1]* | 1.69 [1.59 1.78]* | ||
| Richest | 3.33 [2.96 3.77]* | 1.49 [1.42 1.55]* | ||
| Residence | ||||
| Rural(Ref) | ||||
| Urban | 1.07 [1.01 1.14]* | 1.03 [0.98 1.07] | ||
| Religion | ||||
| Non Hindu (Ref) | ||||
| Hindu | 1.25 [1.16 1.36]* | 1.25 [1.16 1.33]* | ||
| Social Status | ||||
| SC/ST(Ref) | ||||
| OBC | 1.17 [1.1 1.25]* | 1.04 [0.99 1.09] | ||
| Others | 1.18 [1.06 1.29]* | 0.89 [0.83 0.96]* | ||
| Variance for State | 0.39 [0.1 1.14] | 0.43 [0.12 1.27] | 0.39 [0.1 1.12] | 0.31 [0.09 0.92] |
| Variance for District | 0.24 [0.18 0.32] | 0.19 [0.14 0.25] | 0.21 [0.15 0.28] | 0.18 [0.13 0.25] |
| Variance for PSU | 0.24 [0.18 0.32] | 0.17 [0.11 0.25] | 0.2 [0.16 0.26] | 0.2 [0.15 0.27] |
| Bayesian DIC | 28705.42 | 25419.45 | 28386.44 | 25377.11 |