Table 2. Selected characteristics, anthropometric measures and health outcomes captured during the health assessment for the DNAm cohort (n=1870) and attended health assessment but not in DNA cohort (n=1871).
| HA but no DNAm groupnmax=1871 | DNAm groupnmax=1870 | P value | OR (CIlower, CIupper) | |
| Age | ||||
| <50 years | 34 (1.8) | 40 (2.1) | 0.689 | ref |
| 50–64 years | 278 (14.9) | 256 (13.7) | 1.04 (0.67, 1.61) | |
| 65–74 years | 946 (50.6) | 953 (51.0) | 1.14 (0.73, 1.77) | |
| >75 years | 613 (32.8) | 621 (33.2) | 1.09 (0.68, 1.73) | |
| Self-reported gender | ||||
| Male | 876 (46.8) | 906 (48.4) | 0.335 | ref |
| Female | 998 (53.3) | 964 (51.6) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.07) | |
| Household | ||||
| Lives alone | 408 (21.8) | 352 (18.8) | 0.017 | ref |
| Lives with one person | 907 (48.5) | 988 (52.8) | 1.26 (1.07, 1.49) | |
| More than one person | 556 (29.7) | 530 (28.3) | 1.1 (0.92, 1.33) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married or living with partner | 1326 (70.9) | 1403 (75.0) | 0.012 | ref |
| Single | 126 (6.7) | 118 (6.3) | 0.89 (0.68, 1.15) | |
| Separated, divorced or widowed | 419 (22.4) | 349 (18.7) | 0.79 (0.67, 0.92) | |
| Education | ||||
| Primary/none | 295 (15.8) | 284 (15.2) | 0.150 | ref |
| Secondary | 847 (45.3) | 800 (42.8) | 0.98 (0.81, 1.19) | |
| Higher | 727 (38.9) | 785 (42) | 1.12 (0.93, 1.36) | |
| Employment | ||||
| Retired | 909 (48.6) | 950 (50.8) | 0.180 | ref |
| Employed/self-employed (including farming) | 762 (40.7) | 730 (39.0) | 0.92 (0.80, 1.05) | |
| Unemployed | 50 (2.7) | 38 (2.0) | 0.73 (0.47, 1.12) | |
| Permanently sick/disabled | 82 (4.4) | 66 (3.5) | 0.77 (0.55, 1.08) | |
| Looking after home/family/other* | 67 (3.6) | 81 (4.3) | 1.16 (0.83, 1.62) | |
| Deprivation score† | ||||
| 0–0.11 (least deprived) | 484 (25.9) | 507 (27.1) | 0.027 | ref |
| 0.12–0.17 | 348 (18.6) | 415 (22.2) | 1.14 (0.94, 1.38) | |
| 0.18–0.23 | 377 (20.1) | 356 (19.0) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.09) | |
| 0.24–0.33 | 347 (18.5) | 311 (16.6) | 0.86 (0.70, 1.04) | |
| >0.33 (most deprived) | 271 (14.5) | 239 (12.8) | 0.84 (0.68, 1.04) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 968 (51.7) | 987 (52.8) | 0.765 | ref |
| Current | 697 (37.3) | 689 (36.8) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.11) | |
| Ex | 204 (10.9) | 193 (10.3) | 0.93 (0.75, 1.15) | |
| Alcohol status | ||||
| Never | 322 (17.2) | 312 (16.7) | 0.266 | ref |
| Current | 1252 (66.9) | 1293 (69.1) | 1.07 (0.90, 1.27) | |
| Ex | 296 (15.8) | 264 (14.1) | 0.92 (0.73, 1.16) | |
| Subjective health | ||||
| Excellent | 271 (14.5) | 278 (14.9) | 0.006 | ref |
| Very good | 479 (25.6) | 577 (30.9) | 1.17 (0.95, 1.44) | |
| Good | 584 (31.2) | 537 (28.7) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.10) | |
| Fair | 381 (20.4) | 340 (18.2) | 0.87 (0.70, 1.09) | |
| Poor | 154 (8.2) | 137 (7.3) | 0.87 (0.65, 1.15) | |
| Subjective mental health | ||||
| Excellent | 411 (22.0) | 440 (23.5) | 0.052 | ref |
| Very good | 583 (31.2) | 641 (34.3) | 1.03 (0.86, 1.22) | |
| Good | 598 (32.0) | 520 (27.8) | 0.81 (0.68, 0.97) | |
| Fair | 223 (11.9) | 213 (11.4) | 0.89 (0.71, 1.12) | |
| Poor | 55 (2.9) | 55 (2.9) | 0.93 (0.63, 1.39) | |
| Subjective memory | ||||
| Excellent | 191 (10.2) | 181 (9.7) | 0.404 | ref |
| Very good | 487 (26.0) | 505 (27.0) | 1.09 (0.86, 1.39) | |
| Good | 705 (37.7) | 706 (37.8) | 1.06 (0.84, 1.33) | |
| Fair | 372 (19.9) | 388 (20.7) | 1.10 (0.86, 1.41) | |
| Poor | 114 (6.1) | 89 (4.8) | 0.82 (0.58, 1.16) | |
| Cardiovascular conditions‡ | ||||
| None | 911 (48.7) | 759 (40.6) | <0.001 | ref |
| One condition | 622 (33.2) | 544 (29.1) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) | |
| 2+conditions | 338 (18.1) | 567 (30.3) | 2.01 (1.71, 2.38) | |
| Chronic health conditions§ | ||||
| None | 946 (50.6) | 969 (51.8) | <0.0001 | ref |
| One condition | 621 (33.2) | 675 (36.1) | 1.06 (0.92, 1.22) | |
| 2+conditions | 304 (16.2) | 226 (12.1) | 0.73 (0.60, 0.88) | |
| CES-D¶ | ||||
| Not depressed | 1515 (81.0) | 1558 (83.3) | 0.091 | ref |
| Depressed | 253 (13.5) | 219 (11.7) | 0.84 (0.69, 1.02) | |
| PCL_C PTSD DSM diagnosis** | ||||
| No | 1198 (64.0) | 1329 (71.1) | 0.427 | ref |
| Yes | 85 (4.5) | 82 (4.4) | 0.87 (0.64, 1.19) | |
| Troubles impact | ||||
| None | 219 (11.7) | 217 (11.6) | 0.439 | ref |
| A little bit | 562 (30.0) | 649 (34.7) | 1.17 (0.94, 1.45) | |
| Moderate amount | 362 (19.3) | 416 (22.2) | 1.16 (0.92, 1.47) | |
| Quite a bit | 253 (13.5) | 263 (14.1) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.35) | |
| Extreme amount | 52 (2.8) | 70 (3.7) | 1.36 (0.91, 2.04) | |
| MMSE score | 28.4 (1.9) | 28.6 (1.7) | <0.001 | |
| MOCA score | 25.1 (3.4) | 25.7 (3.1) | <0.001 | |
| Animal recall | 18.6 (5.3) | 19.5 (5.7) | <0.001 | |
| Colour trails (seconds) | 121.8 (44.4) | 114.6 (38.6) | <0.001 | |
| Grip strength (kg) | 32.2 (12.0) | 33.5 (11.8) | 0.002 | |
| Timed up and go (seconds) | 10.1 (2.9) | 10.0 (2.7) | 0.154 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2 (5.5) | 28.7 (5.0) | 0.001 |
Values are unweighted mean (SD) or median (IQR) for continuous variables or n (%) for categorical variables.
Other includes those in education/training. These categories were combined due to low cell counts.
Based on the Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation measure 2018.27
Cardiovascular conditions variable generated from count of participants endorsed diagnosis of hypertension, angina, heart attack, congestive heart failure, diabetes, stroke, mini stroke or transient ischaemic attack, high cholesterol, heart murmur, atrial fibrillation and or abnormal heart rhythm.
Chronic health conditions variable generated from count of participants endorsed diagnosis of chronic lung disease, asthma, arthritis, osteoporosis, cancer or malignant tumour, stomach ulcers, varicose ulcers and or cirrhosis.
Classification based on Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) score 0–15 not depressed and score >16 at risk of depression.
Classification based on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder checklist civilian version (PCL-C) scoring and symptomatic thresholds of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-4) clusters of reexperiencing, avoidance and heightened arousal.
BMIbody mass indexMMSEMini-Mental State ExaminationMOCAMontreal Cognitive Assessment