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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Sep 16.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Protoc. 2022 Feb 2;17(3):819–846. doi: 10.1038/s41596-021-00667-2

Fig. 10. Demonstration of expansion uniformity using a MAP-based protocol.

Fig. 10.

Epifluorescence images showing nuclei (DNA) stained by Sybr Green in expanded 100 μm thick mouse kidney tissue sections that were homogenized using a MAP-based protocol at three time points. (a) Incomplete homogenization leads to abundant tears (empty areas) and under-expanded regions (high-density clusters) exhibiting relatively small or abnormally stretched nuclei. (b) Extending the homogenization period (~5 times longer than in panel a) leads to uniform sample expansion that lacks obvious distortions in the expanded state. (c) A further extension of the homogenization period (~25 times longer than in panel a) does not cause a larger expansion factor or damage DNA. Scale bars 200 μm (a,b,c) in pre-expansion units.