Table 1.

	Active Major NPSLE, N = 13	SLE without Active Major NPSLE, N = 13	Healthy Non-SLE Controls, N = 13
Demographics
Age, mean (SD)	26.8 (13.9)	27.3 (12.7)	26.6 (13.3)
Female sex, n (%)	12 (92)	12 (92)	12 (92)
Race and Ethnicity
Asian	1 (8)	2 (15)	0 (0)
Black	1 (8)	1 (8)	1 (8)
Hispanic or Latino	2 (15)	5 (38)	3 (23)
White	7 (54)	5 (38)	8 (62)
Multi-racial	1 (8)	0 (0)	1 (9)
Prefer not to answer	1 (8)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Medical and Disease Characteristics
Body Mass Index (BMI), mean (SD)	22.1 (45.1)	26.6 (8.6)	24.5 (6.7)
Time since SLE diagnosis, years, median (range)	2.75 (0–31)	4.5 (0–33)
Prior history of NPSLE, n (%)	2 (15)	0 (0)
SLEDAI-2K without neuro scores, mean (SD)	7.2 (4.3)	4.5 (3.8)
Concurrent Sjogren’s disease, n (%)	5 (38)	0 (0)
Prior or concurrent APLS, n (%)	4 (31)	2 (15)
Serum/Urine Diagnostic Testing
Anti-dsDNA positivity, n (%)	9 (69)	9 (69)
Low C3, n/N (%)	7/12 (58)	6/13 (46)
Low C4, n/N (%)	8/12 (67)	7/13 (54)
Elevated ESR, n/N (%)	8/12 (67)	4/11 (36)
Anti-ribosomal P positivity, n/N (%)	1/10 (10)	0/2 (0)
APLA positivity, n/N (%)	5/11 (45)	6/9 (67)
Serum creatinine, mg/dL, mean (SD)	0.61 (0.20)	0.66 (0.10)
Impaired eGFR, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Presence of proteinuria, n (%)	2 (15)	1 (8)

^*There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for any of the clinical or diagnostic factors. Diagnostic testing was at time of biosampling. APLA = antiphospholipid antibodies; APLS = antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; BMI = body mass index; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate; NPSLE = neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus; SD = standard deviation; SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI = SLE disease activity index