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. 2024 Sep 3;15:1450007. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1450007

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Copyright © 2024 Wang, Ye, Zhang, Li, Yang, Wang, Jiang and Yao

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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OT can indirectly reduce inflammatory responses by regulating MMP2 and MMP9 through T cells, as well as directly decreasing ROS to control inflammation. In the treatment of arthritis, OT can activate the CFOS/AP-1 pathway and STAT1/JAK2 pathway, which collectively act on MMP2 and MMP9 to alleviate cartilage degradation. The STAT1/JAK2 pathway can also increase the expression of Col2, protecting chondrocytes. Furthermore, OT can directly increase the protein content of SOX9 and COMP, promoting chondrocyte proliferation to protect cartilage and achieve the goal of treating arthritis. This illustration created with BioRender (https://biorender.com).