Fig. 3. Comparison of predictive performance between protein-based (clinical risk factors + proteins) and biomarker-based (clinical risk factors + blood assays) models.

a, Comparison of C-index by the addition of protein-based (orange) or biomarker-based models (blue) onto clinical risk factors. We only show those diseases for which the C-index was improved significantly by addition of either proteins or clinical assays onto the clinical risk factors. We present the mean C-index and the 95% CI. b, Comparison of DRs (at a 10% FPR) achieved by protein-based and biomarker-based models. c, Comparison of LRs for protein-based (orange) or biomarker-based models (gray).