Figure 2.

Inhibiting biofilm growth of UHW3 and PA14 requires at least 16% (w/v) honey. (A) UHW3 and PA14 were cultured with honey concentrations ranging from 8% (w/v) to 26% (w/v). After 24 h, the biofilms attached to the 96-well plates were stained with crystal violet and the OD was obtained to determine the concentrations of honey required to inhibit biofilm growth (n = 3). Colony forming units per milliliter were calculated for (B) UHW3 (n = 3) and (C) PA14 (n = 3 or 4) to determine the viable colonies still present after 24 h incubation at 37°C with honey. Error bars are represented as standard deviation. Significance was determined with a one-way or two-way Anova Tukey test. An asterisk indicates a significant difference from the no honey control (p < 0.05).