TABLE 3.

Associations between SNPs or indels in 10 putative transporter genes and IC₅₀s for eight antimalarial drugs^a

Gene	Predicted product	Position	Amino acid changeb	Nucleotide changec	N	Freq. common variantd	P value
							CQ	QN	AQ	AS	LUM	DHA	DOX	MFQ
pfmdr	ABC transporter	86	N-Y	AAT-TAT	108	104	0.357	0.646	0.992	0.576	0.809	0.843	0.717	0.079
		184	Y-F	TAT-TTT	105	61	0.405	0.040	0.374	0.025	0.134	0.970	0.568	0.020
		1034	S-C	AGT-TGT	107	107	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI
		1042	N-D	AAT-GAT	108	98	0.778	0.063	0.635	0.144	0.000	0.270	0.763	0.000
		1246	D-Y	GAT-TAT	106	105	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI
G2	ABC transporter	191	Y-H	TAT-CAT	107	107	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI
		437	A-S	GCA-TCA	105	90	0.149	0.795	0.540	0.995	0.304	0.093	0.426	0.768
G7	ABC transporter	1390	&1	NA	104	96	0.061	0.015	0.622	0.042	0.450	0.258	0.712	0.246
G25	Sulfate transporter	Intron	G-A	G-A	101	77	0.771	0.838	0.224	0.702	0.138	0.624	0.071	0.579
G30	GTPase	Intron	C-G	C-G	108	104	0.289	0.870	0.485	0.106	0.638	0.091	0.977	0.272
G47	Glycine transporter	241	L-V	TTA-GTA	105	94	0.386	0.085	0.315	0.389	0.284	0.702	0.995	0.799
G49	ABC/ATPase	146	Q-E	CAA-GAA	108	66	0.696	0.937	0.711	0.606	0.299	0.117	0.145	0.988
		1046	K-I	AAA-ATA	108	78	0.260	0.349	0.638	0.316	0.401	0.831	0.457	0.817
		1116	L-I	TTA-ATA	108	96	0.063	0.714	0.435	0.293	0.514	0.002	0.187	0.867
G54	Membrane protein	141	Y-Y	TAC-TAT	102	54	0.209	0.904	0.194	0.848	0.165	0.751	0.443	0.965
		144	T-T	ACG-ACA	102	54	0.209	0.904	0.194	0.848	0.165	0.751	0.443	0.965
G55	ABC transporter	Intron	&2	NA	107	60	0.227	0.212	0.475	0.414	0.161	0.608	0.429	0.938
G70	Choline transporter	105	E-K	GAA-AAA	102	52	0.535	0.292	0.866	0.225	0.497	0.865	0.195	0.557

^aPfcrt is not included in the table because it was monomorphic in all but one isolate examined. Drug abbreviations are as described in the text. We used t tests to compare IC₅₀s in parasites with polymorphisms, and significant results (P < 0.05) are shown in bold. Both polymorphism data and IC₅₀s are listed in the supplemental material online. Comparisons that were significant in Mu et al.'s southeast Asian data set (14) are shown underlined (CQ and QN columns only).

^b&1 is a 3-bp indel. &2 is a dinucleotide microsatellite in an intron. We found four alleles. For this analysis, alleles were grouped into those that were ≤194 and ≥196. Some loci showed insufficient variation (<2 alleles with one allelic state); these are labeled NI.

^cNA, not applicable.

^dFrequency of common variant.