Table 3.
Demographic, clinical, and drug characteristics in multiple system atrophy (MSA) participants with vs. without sighs in N3 sleep
| MSA (N = 73) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| With sighs | Without sighs | ||
| Number | 57 | 16 | – |
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age at disease onset, y | 56.4 (9) | 62.8 (9.2) | 0.015 |
| Age at sleep study, y | 61.2 (8.6) | 69.5 (7.7) | 0.001 |
| Sex, female N (%) | 35 (61.4) | 7 (43.8) | 0.33 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.7 (4.4) | 25.9 (4.1) | 0.31 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Phenotype | |||
| MSA-P, % | 31 (54.4) | 7 (43.8) | 0.76 |
| MSA-C, % | 25 (43.9) | 8 (50) | |
| Disease duration, years | 4.8 (2.3) | 6.7 (4.2) | 0.09 |
| Symptoms | |||
| Axial dystonia, % | 16 (28.1) | 3 (18.8) | 0.78 |
| Oromandibular dystonia, % | 7 (12.3) | 0 | 0.35 |
| Blepharospasm, % | 2 (3.5) | 0 | 1 |
| Limb dystonia, % | 10 (17.5) | 1 (6.2) | 0.53 |
| Dysphonia | 1.9 (0.7) | 1.9 (0.9) | 0.91 |
| Dysphagia | 1.1 (1) | 1.4 (1.2) | 0.31 |
| Abnormal posture | 1.7 (1) | 1.4 (0.8) | 0.41 |
| Body sway | 2.2 (0.8) | 2.2 (1) | 0.94 |
| Altered gait | 2.6 (0.7) | 2.4 (1) | 0.28 |
| Falls | 1.6 (1.3) | 1.8 (1.4) | 0.63 |
| Hyposmia, % | 4 (7) | 1 (6.2) | 1 |
| Constipation, % | 43 (75.4) | 12 (75) | 0.90 |
| Nocturia, % | 38 (66.7) | 10 (62.5) | 1 |
| Urge incontinence, % | 52 (91.2) | 13 (81.2) | 1 |
| Urinary retention, % | 39 (68.4) | 8 (50) | 0.45 |
| Orthostatic hypotension, % | 46 (80.7) | 11 (68.8) | 0.85 |
| Supine hypertension, % | 22 (38.6) | 7 (43.8) | 0.75 |
| Cognitive dysfunction, % | 13 (22.8) | 7 (43.8) | 0.13 |
| Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) | |||
| UMSARS I (historical review) | 19.8 (7.2) | 14.3 (8.4) | 0.24 |
| UMSARS II (motor examination) | 23.4 (9.5) | 12.3 (13.1) | 0.09 |
| Global Disability Scale (GDS) | 2.6 (1.1) | 2.6 (1.2) | 0.84 |
| Drugs | |||
| Benzodiazepines, % | 10 (17.5) | 5 (31.2) | 0.40 |
| Melatonin, % | 15 (26.3) | 5 (31.2) | 0.94 |
| Antidepressants, % | 30 (52.6) | 3 (18.8) | 0.03 |
| SSRI antidepressants, % | 22 (38.6) | 1 (6.2) | 0.4 |
| Dopamine agonist, % | 10 (17.5) | 3 (18.8) | 1 |
| Dopaminergic, % | 36 (63.2) | 10 (62.5) | 1 |
| Anti-hypertension, % | 7 (12.3) | 6 (37.5) | 0.03 |
| Anti-hypotension, % | 19 (33.3) | 3 (18.8) | 0.51 |
| L - dopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) | 598.2 (463.4) | 534 (312.1) | 0.7 |
| Polysomnographic measures | |||
| Cycles | 3.4 (2) | 2.4 (1.4) | 0.06 |
| Total sleep time, min | 389.1 (76) | 372.5 (72.4) | 0.43 |
| Sleep efficiency, % | 77.6 (9.3) | 75.2 (13.7) | 0.52 |
| Latency to, min | |||
| Sleep onset | 28.6 (25.9) | 28.4 (32.7) | 0.98 |
| REM sleep | 160.5 (106.1) | 197.8 (147) | 0.26 |
| Sleep stages (% of total sleep time) | |||
| N1 | 4.5 (3.3) | 5.3 (5.2) | 0.54 |
| N2 | 51 (14.6) | 57.6 (10.5) | 0.09 |
| N3 | 26.6 (9.2) | 23.2 (10.9) | 0.21 |
| REM | 18.4 (8.9) | 13.8 (9.7) | 0.07 |
| Apnea-hypopnea index | 10.7 (12.7) | 25.5 (25.7) | 0.04 |
| Apnea-hypopnea index > 15, N (%) | 16 (28,1) | 7 (43.8) | 0.04 |
| Oxygen saturation in sleep, % | |||
| Minimal oxygen saturation | 86.6 (4.5) | 82.7 (8.7) | 0.097 |
| Mean oxygen saturation | 94.1 (1.8) | 92 (4.3) | 0.07 |
| Arousal index | 9.6 (7) | 13.3 (10.7) | 0.21 |
| Periodic leg movement index | 41.6 (50.8) | 59.2 (74.5) | 0.27 |
| Stridor in the night, N % | 19 (33.3) | 6 (37.5) | 0.76 |