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. 2024 Sep 5;121(37):e2318296121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2318296121

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Deepbiosphere predictions of field-validated coastal redwood forest species. (A) NAIP aerial imagery (16) of Tall Trees redwood grove (Sequoia sempervirens) in California’s Redwoods National and State Parks. The region contains some of the last old-growth redwood remnants in the world, visible as the dark green line bordering the right-hand side of Redwood Creek. (B) Human annotations of redwood forest cover at 256 m resolution, based on examples of other old-growth redwood groves (SI Appendix, Fig. S9). Annotators can correctly distinguish mature groves (SI Appendix, Fig. S10B). (C) Deepbiosphere predicted presence of S. sempervirens at 50 m resolution. Deepbiosphere correctly detects both mature and young regrowth groves (SI Appendix, Fig. S10A). (D) Official NPS vegetation map (18) highlighting mature redwood (dark red) and young redwood regrowth (blue) vegetation classes. (E) Deepbiosphere’s difference in predicted presence of two understory species: Oxalis oregana which has a preference for mature redwood stands, and Rubus ursinus which has a preference for secondary-growth redwood forest (18, 39). Differences were calculated by subtracting the predicted presence of Oxalis oregana from the predicted presence of Rubus ursinus per-map pixel.