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Illustration of gradient‐weighted class activation mapping (Grad‐CAM) on plain radiographs of spines of anteroposterior or lateral images to identify brands. (A) Heatmap on plain radiographs of spines on the anteroposterior image for seven brands of screws. No crosslink was used in the NOVA group because the screw was designed for the minimally invasive approach. (B) Heatmap on plain radiographs of spines in the lateral image for seven brands of screws.
