Table 2.
Reliable change in cognitive performances
| Toronto cohort | WVU-RNI cohort | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domain | Ability | Declined | No change | Improved | Declined | No change | Improved |
| Attention and working memory | Basic auditory attention | 3 (9) | 29 (91) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 20 (90) | 1 (5) |
| Working memory—digits reverse | 3 (9) | 28 (88) | 1 (3) | 1 (5) | 17 (77) | 4 (18) | |
| Working memory—digits sequencing | 2 (7) | 26 (93) | 0 (0) | 2 (9) | 19 (86) | 1 (5) | |
| Processing speed | Oral symbol-digit substitution | 1 (4) | 26 (92) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 19 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Visual scanning and sequencing | 1 (5) | 17 (90) | 1 (5) | ||||
| Word reading | 0 (0) | 31 (97) | 1 (3) | 1 (6) | 16 (88) | 1 (6) | |
| Colour naming | 1 (3) | 29 (94) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 17 (94) | 1 (6) | |
| Executive function | Response inhibition | 0 (0) | 31 (97) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 18 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Response inhibition with set shifting | 0 (0) | 30 (94) | 2 (6) | ||||
| Abstract reasoning | 3 (18) | 11 (64) | 3 (18) | ||||
| Cognitive flexibility | 2 (11) | 15 (78) | 2 (11) | ||||
| Language | Confrontation naming | 0 (0) | 23 (92) | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | 6 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Phonemic fluency | 1 (3) | 29 (94) | 1 (3) | 1 (5) | 19 (86) | 2 (9) | |
| Semantic fluency | 2 (6.5) | 26 (87) | 2 (6.5) | 1 (5) | 21 (95) | 0 (0) | |
| Learning and memory | List learning | 2 (6) | 30 (91) | 1 (3) | |||
| List retrieval | 1 (3) | 30 (91) | 2 (6) | ||||
| List recognition | 1 (3) | 31 (94) | 1 (3) | ||||
| Story learning | 0 (0) | 18 (95) | 1 (5) | ||||
| Story retrieval | 0 (0) | 14 (74) | 5 (26) | ||||
Reliable change is reported as n (% of cohort). Reliable change indices for tests of list-learning and story memory were calculated separately with form-specific test reliability metrics. Combined totals of both structured verbal learning and memory forms are reported above. Additional information about each measure can be found in Supplementary Table 1. WVU-RNI, West Virginia University School of Medicine Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute.