Table 1.
Clinical features, medication-use, and medication-adherence
| Clinical features | Healthy | Diabetic | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=51) | w/o AMI (N=150) | w/AMI (N=108) | ||
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | ||
| Gender; N (%) | ||||
| Male | 17 (33.3%) | 52 (34.7%) | 76 (70.4%) | <0.001 |
| Female | 34 (66.7%) | 98 (65.3%) | 32 (29.6%) | |
| Age | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 35.8 ± 11.1 | 54.8 ± 12.3 | 65.1 ± 10.7 | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity; N (%) | ||||
| White | 44 (86.3%) | 108 (72%) | 71 (66.4%) | 0.027 |
| Other | 7 (13.7%) | 42 (28%) | 36 (33.6%) | |
| Social Status; N (%) | ||||
| A-B | 47 (92.2%) | 82 (54.7%) | 34 (46.6%) | <0.001 |
| C-E | 4 (7.8%) | 68 (45.3%) | 39 (53.4%) | |
| Physical Exam | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 23.7 ± 3.3 | 29 ± 5.7 | 28.6 ± 5 | <0.001 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 81.8 ± 10.9 | 99.4 ± 14.2 | 103.4 ± 10.5 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 117.3 ± 12.9 | 135.6 ± 17.1 | 125.8 ± 17.6 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 77 ± 8.9 | 82.6 ± 9.8 | 77.6 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| Heart Rate (bpm) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 73.2 ± 10 | 82.2 ± 10.6 | 72.6 ± 9 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes; N (%) | 0 (0%) | 150 (100%) | 108 (100%) | <0.001 |
| Hipertension; N (%) | 0 (0%) | 99 (66%) | 63 (84%) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia; N (%) | 0 (0%) | 58 (38.7%) | 70 (93.3%) | <0.001 |
| Smoking; N (%) | ||||
| Active | 3 (5.9%) | 12 (8%) | 9 (10.6%) | 0.014 |
| Not Active | 8 (15.7%) | 56 (37.3%) | 33 (38.8%) | |
| Never Smoked | 40 (78.4%) | 82 (54.7%) | 43 (50.6%) | |
| Drugs in use | ||||
| Oral hypoglycemic; N (%) | 0 (0%) | 115 (76.7%) | 64 (85.3%) | <0.001 |
| Insulin; N (%) | 0 (0%) | 66 (44%) | 19 (25.3%) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive; n/N (%) | 0 (0%) | 99 (66%) | 63 (84%) | <0.001 |
| Statins; N (%) | 0 (0%) | 52 (34.7%) | 70 (93.3%) | <0.001 |
| Ezetimibe; N (%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 3 (4%) | 0.098 |
| Fibrate; N (%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (6.7%) | 5 (6.7%) | 0.137 |
| MORISKY (MMAS) Questionnairea | ||||
| Mean ± SD | - | 1.7 ± 1.6 | 2.9 ± 1.7 | <0.001 |
BMI Body Mass Index, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, SD Standard Deviation
aMorisky test was used as a tool to assess patients adherence to drug treatment
MMAS <6: Poor Adherence/ MMAS 6-7: Medium Adherence/ MMAS>= 8: High Adherence
A = upper class, B = upper middle class, C = middle class, D = lower middle class, E = lower class
Fisher Exact Test; Kruskal-Wallis test
*P-Value signiifcant (<0.05)