Table 1.
Comparison of clinical characteristics of MVI patients between different datasets.
| Clinical characteristics |
MVI absent |
MVI present |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 815) | Training dataset (n= 570) | Validation dataset (n = 245) | P | Total (n = 557) | Training dataset (n = 390) | Validation dataset (n = 167) | P | ||
| Age (years) | 57.00 (49.00, 65.00) | 57.00 (49.00, 65.00) | 57.00 (48.00, 65.00) | 0.626 | 55.00 (46.00, 64.00) | 55.00 (47.00, 64.00) | 55.00 (46.00, 64.00) | 0.913 | |
| AFP (ng/mL) | 17.47 (4.30, 186.25) | 17.145 (4.00, 229.88) | 18.200 (4.80, 131.40) | 0.834 | 224.50 (16.40, 1000.00) | 223.90 (16.43, 1000.00) | 224.50 (16.95, 1000.00) | 0.938 | |
| ALT (U/L) | 30.00 (21.10, 44.67) | 30.00 (21.00, 45.00) | 30.10 (21.66, 43.00) | 0.863 | 31.00 (22.12, 47.00) | 31.00 (23.00, 48.54) | 32.00 (20.98, 45.50) | 0.441 | |
| AST (U/L) | 32.57 (25.71, 44.81) | 32.89 (25.50, 45.00) | 32.00 (26.00, 42.81) | 0.861 | 38.89 (28.07, 56.37) | 37.90 (28.20, 54.85) | 40.00 (28.04, 60.10) | 0.818 | |
| GGT (U/L) | 44.45 (27.00, 81.95) | 44.23 (26.67, 84.00) | 44.70 (27.00, 78.00) | 0.969 | 63.71 (35.23, 118.00) | 65.21 (36.00, 118.94) | 62.00 (35.00, 99.02) | 0.386 | |
| ALP (U/L) | 91.00 (72.81, 115.44) | 92.00 (73.75, 114.40) | 88.00 (71.00, 115.64) | 0.270 | 100.00 (78.02, 129.12) | 101.18 (80.00, 131.00) | 98.49 (77.65, 125.51) | 0.369 | |
| Alb(g/L) | 41.56 (38.41, 44.25) | 41.56 (38.33, 44.32) | 41.57 (38.70, 43.85) | 0.939 | 40.80- (37.80, 43.40) | 40.63 (37.63, 43.10) | 41.08 (38.30, 44.21) | 0.060 | |
| TB (mol/L) | 14.48 (10.73, 19.80) | 14.24 (10.70, 19.59) | 14.80 (10.90, 20.05) | 0.460 | 14.80 (10.94, 19.70) | 14.66 (10.97, 19.39) | 14.80 (10.76, 20.46) | 0.617 | |
| WBC (109/L) | 5.24 (4.16, 6.47) | 5.21 (4.14, 6.40) | 5.34 (4.20, 6.56) | 0.406 | 5.33 (4.38, 6.51) | 5.29 (4.32, 6.48) | 5.54 (4.50, 6.76) | 0.265 | |
| CR (μmol/L) | 73.00 (62.20, 83.62) | 72.90 (62.06, 83.55) | 73.00 (63.40, 84.00) | 0.594 | 73.10 (62.35, 82.23) | 73.15 (62.36, 82.04) | 73.00 (62.58, 82.85) | 0.863 | |
| PT (s) | 11.80 (11.20, 12.60) | 11.80 (11.20, 12.68) | 11.80 (11.30, 12.40) | 0.884 | 12.00 (11.40, 12.60) | 12.00 (11.40, 12.60) | 11.90 (11.40, 12.60) | 0.495 | |
| NLR | 2.10 (1.52, 3.01) | 2.06 (1.50, 2.95) | 2.19 (1.60, 3.08) | 0.130 | 2.32 (1.69, 3.36) | 2.35 (1.69, 3.38) | 2.24 (1.60, 3.34) | 0.377 | |
| LMR | 3.79 (2.80, 5.10) | 3.82 (2.78, 5.19) | 3.66 (2.86, 5.00) | 0.630 | 3.24 (2.44, 4.56) | 3.29 (2.39, 4.49) | 3.20 (2.51, 4.71) | 0.615 | |
| PLR | 101.50 (78.13, 140.36) | 102.39 (78.25, 139.79) | 100.00 (78.02, 142.00) | 0.797 | 115.79 (88.50, 165.04) | 117.26 (88.47, 167.10) | 109.26 (90.36, 158.39) | 0.306 | |
| Operation time (mins) | 202.00 (150.00, 260.00) | 201.00 (150.00, 260.00) | 205.00 (150.00, 270.00) | 0.858 | 230.00 (180.00, 288.00) | 232.50 (180.00, 295.00) | 225.00 (172.50, 275.00) | 0.265 | |
| Tumor diameter (mm) | 33.00 (22.00, 53.00) | 34.00 (22.00, 54.00) | 31.00 (23.00, 49.00) | 0.189 | 57.00 (38.00, 82.00) | 59.50 (36.25, 82.00) | 56.00 (40.00, 82.50) | 0.635 | |
| Gender [n(%)] | male | 674 (82.70) | 464 (81.40) | 210 (85.71) | 0.164 | 479 (86.00) | 334 (85.64) | 145 (86.83) | 0.813 |
| female | 141 (17.30) | 106 (18.60) | 35 (14.29) | 78 (14.00) | 56 (14.36) | 22 (13.17) | |||
| HBV [n(%)] | Negative | 113 (13.87) | 85 (14.91) | 28 (11.43) | 0.227 | 68 (12.21) | 42 (10.77) | 26 (15.57) | 0.149 |
| Positive | 702 (86.13) | 485 (85.09) | 217 (88.57) | 489 (87.79) | 348 (89.23) | 141 (84.43) | |||
| Child–Pugh classification [n(%)] | A | 782 (95.95) | 543 (95.26) | 239 (97.55) | 0.185 | 529 (94.97) | 370 (94.87) | 159 (95.21) | 1.000 |
| B | 33 (4.05) | 27 (4.74) | 6 (2.45) | 28 (5.03) | 20 (5.13) | 8 (4.79) | |||
| Liver cirrhosis [n(%)] | No | 219 (26.87) | 147 (25.79) | 72 (29.39) | 0.329 | 129 (23.16) | 86 (22.05) | 43 (25.75) | 0.402 |
| Yes | 596 (73.13) | 423 (74.21) | 173 (70.61) | 428 (76.84) | 304 (77.95) | 124 (74.25) | |||
| Tumor number [n(%)] | 1 | 760 (93.25) | 526 (92.28) | 234 (95.51) | 0.125 | 463 (83.12) | 323 (82.82) | 140 (83.83) | 0.866 |
| ≥ 2 | 55 (6.75) | 44 (7.72) | 11 (4.49) | 94 (16.88) | 67 (17.18) | 27 (16.17) | |||
| Tumor location [n(%)] | left | 249 (30.55) | 176 (30.88) | 73 (29.80) | 0.226 | 178 (31.96) | 124 (31.79) | 54 (32.34) | 0.990 |
| right | 534 (65.52) | 376 (65.96) | 158 (64.49) | 346 (62.12) | 243 (62.31) | 103 (61.68) | |||
| double | 32 (3.93) | 18 (3.16) | 14 (5.71) | 33 (5.92) | 23 (5.90) | 10 (5.99) | |||
| Tumor margin [n(%)] | Non-smooth | 128 (15.71) | 93 (16.32) | 35 (14.29) | 0.532 | 201 (36.09) | 136 (34.87) | 65 (38.92) | 0.415 |
| Smooth | 687 (84.29) | 477 (83.68) | 210 (85.71) | 356 (63.91) | 254 (65.13) | 102 (61.08) | |||
| Anatomical liver resection [n(%)] | No | 290 (35.58) | 202 (35.44) | 88 (35.92) | 0.959 | 143 (25.67) | 106 (27.18) | 37 (22.16) | 0.255 |
| Yes | 525 (64.42) | 368 (64.56) | 157 (64.08) | 414 (74.33) | 284 (72.82) | 130 (77.84) | |||
| Laparoscopy [n(%)] | No | 425 (52.15) | 301 (52.81) | 124 (50.61) | 0.618 | 374 (67.15) | 269 (68.97) | 105 (62.87) | 0.192 |
| Yes | 390 (47.85) | 269 (47.19) | 121 (49.39) | 183 (32.85) | 121 (31.03) | 62 (37.13) | |||
| Edmondson-Steiner grade [n (%)] | I-II | 735 (90.18) | 509 (89.30) | 226 (92.24) | 0.243 | 420 (75.40) | 294 (75.38) | 126 (75.45) | 1.000 |
| III-IV | 80 (9.82) | 61 (10.70) | 19 (7.76) | 137 (24.60) | 96 (24.62) | 41 (24.55) | |||
| Satellite nodules [n (%)] | Negative | 759 (93.13) | 525 (92.11) | 234 (95.51) | 0.107 | 439 (78.82) | 314 (80.51) | 125 (74.85) | 0.166 |
| Positive | 56 (6.87) | 45 (7.89) | 11 (4.49) | 118 (21.18) | 76 (19.49) | 42 (25.15) | |||
| PA-TACE [n (%)] | No | 431 (52.88) | 298 (52.28) | 133 (54.29) | 0.653 | 229 (41.11) | 153 (39.23) | 76 (45.51) | 0.199 |
| Yes | 384 (47.12) | 272 (47.72) | 112 (45.71) | 328 (58.89) | 237 (60.77) | 91 (54.49) | |||
MVI, Microvascular invasion; AFP, Alpha-fetoprotein; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, Gamma-glutamyltransferase; ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; Alb, Albumin; TB, Total bilirubin; WBC, White blood cell; CR, Creatinine; PT, Prothrombin time; NLR, Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; LMR, Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; PLR, Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; HBV, Hepatitis B virus; PA-TACE, Postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization.