Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies assessing the prevalence of Chagas disease in Latin American migrants living in non-endemic countries.
| Publication | Country | Period | Population (Latin American) | Study site | Age mean (SD) or Age range | Sample | Number infected (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abras_2020 | Spain | 2017–2018 | Non-selected population | Hospital | 33.1 | 786 | 102 (13) |
| Angheben_2011 | Italy | 1998–2010 | Non-selected population | Tropical medicine service | 34 | 266 | 30 (11.3) |
| Antinori_2018 | Italy | 2013–2014 | Non-selected population | Community | 39 | 501 | 48 (9.5) |
| Arzanegui_2013 | Spain | 2008–2010 | Pregnant women | Hospital | 28,5 (5.3) | 158 | 19 (12) |
| Barona-Vilar_2012 | Spain | 2009–2010 | Pregnant women | Hospital | 29 | 1975 | 226 (11.4) |
| Basile_2019 | Spain | 2010–2015 | Pregnant women | Hospital/Primary care services | 33 | 33,469 | 818 (2.4) |
| Bocanegra_2014 | Spain | 2007–2010 | Non-selected population | Tropical medicine service | NI | 416 | 224 (53.8) |
| Cancino-Faure_2015 | Spain | 2011–2013 | Blood donors | Blood banks | NI | 1201 | 23 (1.91) |
| Castro-Sesquen_2021 | USA | 2016–2018 | Non-selected population | Community | NI | 1514 | 98 (6.5) |
| Chappuis_2010 | Switzerland | 2009 | Non-selected population | Primary care services | 36 | 999 | 125 (12.5) |
| Cobo_2014 | Spain | 2004–2013 | Non-selected population | Hospital | NI | 196 | 72 (36.7) |
| Escobio_2020 | Spain | 2011–2012 | Non-selected population | Primary care services | 34.6 | 251 | 48 (19.1) |
| Francisco-González_2018 | Spain | 2013–2015 | Pregnant women | Hospital | NI | 1244 | 40 (3.2) |
| Fumado_2014 | Spain | 2003–2008 | Children under 18 years old | Infectious diseases hospital | 01–14 | 202 | 22 (10.8) |
| Ghouzzi_2010 | France | 2007–2008 | Blood donors | Blood banks | NI | 972 | 3 (0.33) |
| Giménez-Mart_2006 | Spain | 2001 | Blood donors | Blood banks | NI | 432 | 16 (3.7) |
| Girolamo_2015 | Italy | 2010–2013 | Non-selected population | Hospital | 37.5 (13.1) | 151 | 12 (7.94) |
| Gómez i Prat_2022 | Spain | 2020 | General population | Community | 43 (33–53) | 299 | 55 (18.3) |
| Herrero-Martínez_2023 | Spain | 2011–2016 | Pregnant women | Hospital | NI | 11,048 | 309 (2.9) |
| Hochberg_2011 | USA | 2009 | PLHIV | Infectious diseases hospital | NI | 77 | 3 (3.9) |
| Jackson_2016 | Switzerland | 2008 | Non-selected population | Primary care services | 37.2 (11.3) | 1012 | 130 (12.8) |
| Jackson_2018 | Switzerland | 2012–2015 | Non-selected population | Hospital | NI | 903 | 244 (27) |
| Lienas-García_2021 | Spain | 2014–2018 | Pregnant women | Hospital | NI | 1178 | 23 (1.95) |
| Llenas-García_2012 | Spain | 2008–2009 | PLHIV | Infectious diseases hospital | 36.9 (8.4) | 155 | 3 (1.9) |
| Martelli_2017 | Italy | 2012–2014 | Non-selected population | Hospital | 37.8 | 180 | 7 (3.9) |
| Martinez_2009 | Spain | 2004–2006 | Non-selected population | Tropical medicine service | 35 | 216 | 46 (21.3) |
| Meymandi_2017 | USA | 2008–2014 | Non-selected population | Community | NI | 4755 | 59 (1.24) |
| Muñoz_2009 | Spain | 2004–2007 | Non-selected population | Tropical medicine service | 34 (11) | 489 | 202 (41.3) |
| Muñoz-Vilches_2012 | Spain | 2007–2011 | Pregnant women | Hospital | NI | 261 | 4 (1.53) |
| Navarro_2011 | Spain | 2008–2009 | Non-selected population | Primary care services | NI | 276 | 44 (15.9) |
| Navarro_2017 | Germany | 2013–2014 | Non-selected population | Community/Tropical medicine service | 39 (17.2) | 43 | 4 (9.33) |
| O’Brien_2013 | Canada | 2009–2010 | Blood donors | Blood banks | NI | 7255 | 13 (0.2) |
| Otero_2012 | Spain | 2008–2010 | Pregnant women | Hospital | 29.5 (6) | 633 | 22 (3.5) |
| Pane_2018 | Italy | 2014 | Non-selected population | Community | 42 | 368 | 32 (8.7) |
| Paricio-Talayero_2008 | Spain | 2005–2007 | Pregnant women | Hospital | 28.3 (5.8) | 624 | 29 (4.7) |
| Perez-Ayala_2010 | Spain | 2003–2009 | Non-selected population | Tropical medicine service | 36 | 1146 | 357 (31.1) |
| Raglio_2023 | Italy | 2013–2020 | Non-selected population | Hospital | NI | 512 | 60 (11.7) |
| Ramos_2009 | Spain | 2006–2007 | Pregnant women | Hospital | 24 (5.2) | 220 | 4 (1.82) |
| Ramos_2012A | Spain | 2009–2010 | Non-selected population | Community | 30 | 201 | 13 (6.47) |
| Ramos_2012B | Spain | 2006–2010 | Pregnant women | Hospital | 28.9 | 545 | 7 (1.28) |
| Ramos_2015 | Spain | 2012–2014 | Non-selected population | Hospital | 38 | 176 | 5 (2.8) |
| Ramos-Sesma_2021 | Spain | 2017–2018 | Non-selected population | Hospital/Primary care services | 41 | 596 | 54 (9.06) |
| Repetto_2015 | Italy | 2012–2013 | Non-selected population | Hospital | NI | 1305 | 223 (17) |
| Roca_2011 | Spain | 2007–2009 | Non-selected population | Primary care services | 39.8 (9.8) | 766 | 22 (2.9) |
| Rodari_2022 | Italy | 1997–2018 | PLHIV | Infectious diseases hospital | 33 | 389 | 5 (1.29) |
| Rodríguez_2023 | Japan | 2019–2020 | Non-selected population | Hospital | 43.5 (13.6) | 428 | 7 (1.6) |
| Salvador_2013 | Spain | 2010–2011 | PLHIV | Infectious diseases hospital | 37 | 126 | 5 (3.9) |
| Santiago_2012 | Spain | 2007–2008 | Pregnant women | Hospital | NI | 265 | 13 (4.9) |
| Simón_2020 | Spain | 2007–2018 | Children under 18 years old | Infectious diseases hospital | 0–14 | 949 | 40 (4.2) |
| Steele_2007 | Canada | NI | Non-selected population | Primary care services | NI | 102 | 1 (1) |
| Zamora_2021 | USA | 2019 | Pregnant women | Hospital | NI | 138 | 0 |