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. 2024 Sep;70(9):559–569. doi: 10.46747/cfp.7009559

Table 1.

Characteristics of FPs in Ontario with and without additional training or focused practices in the care of older adults

CHARACTERISTIC CAC-COE AND FSP-COE FPs(n=242) FPs WITHOUT EVIDENCE OF ADDITIONAL TRAINING OR FOCUSED PRACTICES (n=13,881) P VALUE*
Sex (female), n (%) 145 (59.92) 6754 (48.66) <.001*
Age (y), median (IQR) 45 (16) 49 (23) <.001*
Years in practice, median (IQR) 17 (18) 22 (24) <.001*
Based in rural location,† n (%) 20 (8.26) 1236 (8.90) .73
Community size,‡ n (%)

  • ≥1,500,000 residents

 90 (37.19) 6136 (44.20) .19

  • 500,000 to 1,499,999 residents

 49 (20.25) 2499 (18.00)

  • 100,000 to 499,999 residents

 60 (24.79) 2802 (20.19)

  • 10,000 to 99,999 residents

 23 (9.50) 1208 (8.70)

  • <10,000 residents

 20 (8.26) 1236 (8.90)
ED in physician’s census subdivision, n (%) 200 (82.64) 10,723 (77.25) .05*
Location of medical school training, n (%)

  • Canada

 158 (65.29) 7625 (54.93) .004*

  • International

 27 (11.16) 2340 (16.86)

  • Unknown

 57 (23.55) 3916 (28.21)
Community-level marginalization score in primary practice location,§ median (IQR)

  • Residential instability

 0.04 (0.22) 0.02 (0.21) <.001*

  • Material deprivation

 −0.12 (0.19) −0.12 (0.43) .45

  • Economic dependency

 −0.16 (0.46) −0.16 (0.55) .19

  • Ethnic diversity

 −0.07 (0.93) −0.07 (1.22) <.001*
Full-time affiliation with a patient enrolment model, n (%) 155 (64.05) 9059 (65.26) .69
Practice type, n (%)

  • Comprehensive

 147 (60.74) 9581 (69.02) <.001*

  • Focused

 58 (23.97) 2172 (15.65)

  • Other or <44 days in practice

 37 (15.29) 2128 (15.33)
Type of patient enrolment model, n (%)

  • Enhanced fee-for-service models (comprehensive care model or family health group)

 20 (8.26) 2861 (20.61) <.001*

  • Blended capitation models (family health network or family health organization)

 43 (17.77) 2888 (20.81)

  • Blended salary model (family health team)

 82 (33.88) 2823 (20.34)

  • Other or no enrolment group

 87 (35.95) 3957 (28.51)

  • Unknown

 10 (4.13) 1352 (9.74)
More than 50% of payments attributed to fee-for-service, n (%) 96 (39.67) 6978 (50.27) <.001*
Total OHIP billings ($), median (IQR)‖ 160,733 (142,935) 159,789 (158,491) .79
Billings attributed to core primary care services, n (%)

  • >50% of all billings

 166 (68.60) 10,218 (73.61) .10

  • ≤50% of all billings

 53 (21.90) 2315 (16.68)

  • Unknown

 23 (9.50) 1348 (9.71)
Number of patient visits, median (IQR) 2636 (2513) 3005 (3019) .06
Number of consultations, median (IQR) 48 (128.50) 2 (31) <.001*
Submitted billings for adults aged ≥65 (OHIP billing code), n (%)

  • ≥1 care of the elderly focused practice assessment (A967)

 56 (23.14) 0 (0) <.001*

  • ≥1 geriatric outpatient case conference (K703)

 108 (44.63) 0 (0) <.001*

  • ≥1 geriatric telephone support (K077)

 23 (9.50) 0 (0) <.001*

  • ≥1 geriatric home visit premium for first person seen (B988)

 20 (8.26) 0 (0) <.001*

  • ≥1 geriatric home visit travel premium (B986)

 19 (7.85) 0 (0) <.001*

  • ≥1 complex house call assessment (A900)

 121 (50.00) 3232 (23.28) <.001*

  • ≥1 periodic health visit (K132)

 135 (55.79) 8364 (60.26) .16

  • ≥1 home care application (K070)

 141 (58.26) 5166 (37.22) <.001*

  • ≥1 completion of long-term care health report form (K038)

 196 (80.99) 7757 (55.88) <.001*
Most responsible physician in long-term care, n (%) 91 (37.60) 1409 (10.15) <.001*
Number of specialist referrals made, median (IQR)

  • Total referrals to geriatric medicine

 3 (10) 1 (4) <.001*

  • Total referrals to psychiatry

 25 (41) 28 (45) .23

  • Referrals to psychiatry for patients aged ≥65

 6 (11) 2 (7) <.001*
Patients with a health services encounter, median (IQR)

  • Total (any age)

 860 (993) 1273 (1249) <.001*

  • Total aged ≥65

 323 (285) 299 (314) .007*

  • Rostered (any age)

 389 (776) 704 (979) <.001*

  • Not rostered (any age)

 377.50 (529) 474 (939) .002*
Average age of patients (y), median (IQR)

  • Rostered

 54 (28) 44 (14) <.001*

  • Not rostered

 55 (31) 44 (13) <.001*
Percentage of patients cared for aged ≥65, median (IQR) 39 (54) 23 (19) <.001*

CAC-COE—Certificate of Added Competence in care of the elderly, ED—emergency department, FSP-COE—focused scope of practice in care of the elderly, IQR—interquartile range, OHIP—Ontario Health Insurance Plan.

*

Statistically significant difference.

†

Defined as <10,000 population in census metropolitan area.

‡

Based on census metropolitan area size.

§

Based on Ontario Marginalization Index factor score; higher scores imply higher degrees of marginalization.

‖

Gross billing amounts and payments according to the OHIP Schedule of Benefits.36 These amounts may not reflect net payments made or approved by the Ministry of Health.