Table 3.

The overall effect of vitamin D supplement on the SBP in patients with diabetes based on continent, age, BMI, diabetes duration, dose of intervention, and follow-up duration.

Variables		Category	No. study	Pooled MSD (95% CI)	Heterogeneity assessment between studies			Heterogeneity assessment between subgroup		Publication bias assessments
					I 2	p value	Q	Q	p value	β	SE	p value
SBP	Overall SMD		26 (37)	−0.06 (−0.16, 0.05)	39.63%	0.23	59.63			−0.87	0.617	0.160
	Continent	Europe	11 (21)	−0.06 (−0.21, 0.08)	48.58%	0.12	38.89	0.01	0.94
		Asia	15 (16)	−0.05 (−0.20, 0.09)	27.65%	0.15	20.73
	Age	<60	15 (17)	−0.08 (−0.21, −0.05)	25.51%	0.16	21.44	0.14	0.71
		>60	11 (20)	−0.04 (−0.20, 0.12)	49.47%	0.01	37.60
	BMI	<30	15 (21)	−0.02 (−0.13, 0.00)	21.30%	0.19	25.41	0.21	0.64
		>30	9 (14)	−0.07 (−0.25, −0.11)	43.76%	0.05	23.12
	Disease duration	<10	11 (13)	0.01 (−0.15, 0.18)	37.59%	0.08	19.23	0.87	0.35
		>10	1 (2)	0.38 (−0.37, 1.13)	74.29%	0.05	3.89
	Intervention	<50,000	13 (18)	−0.06 (−0.22, 0.10)	45.11%	0.02	30.97	0.45	0.80
		50,000–100,000	11 (14)	−0.08 (−0.22, −0.06)	31.56%	0.12	18.99
		>100,000	3 (5)	0.06 (−0.32, 0.45)	54.13	0.07	8.72
	Follow-up duration	8 weeks	3 (4)	−0.45 (−0.94, −0.04)	64.03%	0.04	8.34	8.19	0.15
		12 weeks	14 (14)	−0.05 (−0.23, 0.13)	43.29%	0.04	22.94
		16 weeks	4 (6)	−0.04 (−0.20, 0.11)	0.00%	0.68	3.10
		24 weeks	10 (10)	−0.00 (−0.16, 0.16)	23.75%	0.22	11.80
		36 weeks	1 (1)	0.78 (0.04, 1.52)	—	—	—
		48 weeks	2 (2)	−0.34 (−1.11, −0.43)	63%	0.10	2.70