Table 6.

This table summarizes the diseases, their causes and symptoms, the properties of royal jelly relevant to each condition, effective bioactive compounds found in royal jelly, and the biological properties of royal jelly relevant to each condition.

Disease	Causes	Symptoms	Property of Royal Jelly	Effective Bioactive Compound	Biological Property
Ulcerative Colitis	Chronic, inflammatory bowel disease	Abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding	Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, elevation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10	Royalactin, Royalisin	Anti-inflammatory, boosts activity of IL-10, decreases T-cell proliferation, inhibits TNF-α and IL-1β
Crohn's Disease	Chronic, inflammatory bowel disease	Abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss	Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, elevation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10	Royalactin, Royalisin	Anti-inflammatory, boosts activity of IL-10, decreases T-cell proliferation, inhibits TNF-α and IL-1β
Lactose Intolerance	Lack of β-galactosidase, maldigestion of lactose from milk and milk products	Abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence	Synergism with probiotic yogurt, boosting probiotics in fermented milk products	Lactobacillus helveticus	Enhances probiotic activity, aids in lactose digestion
Chronic Diarrhea	Various causes including infections, dietary issues, and intestinal disorders	Frequent, loose stools, abdominal pain	Anti-diarrheal potency due to antimicrobial activity of royalisin and royalactin	Royalisin, Royalactin	Antimicrobial, anti-diarrheal
Chronic Constipation	Lack of fiber, dehydration, sedentary lifestyle, medications	Straining during bowel movements, infrequent bowel movements	Acetylcholine in RJ induces smooth muscle contractions, antimicrobial activity of royalisin and royalactin	Acetylcholine, Royalisin, Royalactin	Induces smooth muscle contractions, antimicrobial, potentially aids in bowel movements
Gastric Ulcers	NSAID use, H. pylori infection, excessive alcohol consumption	Abdominal pain, bloating, heartburn, nausea	Normalization of gastric tissues via increase of PGE-2 and COX-2, reduction of MPO and iNOS	Not specified	Normalizes gastric tissues, reduces inflammation
Intestinal Ulcers	NSAID use, H. pylori infection, excessive alcohol consumption	Abdominal pain, bloating, heartburn, nausea	Attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, reduction of lipid peroxidation, augmentation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT	Not specified	Reduces inflammation, increases antioxidant activity
Peptic Ulcers	NSAID use, H. pylori infection, excessive alcohol consumption	Abdominal pain, bloating, heartburn, nausea	Reduction of gastric ulcers via anti-inflammatory action, attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, augmentation of antioxidant enzyme activity	Not specified	Reduces inflammation, increases antioxidant activity
Nicotine-Induced Gastric Mucosal Changes	Ingestion of nicotine, leading to mucosal damage	Abdominal discomfort, changes in mucosal integrity	Amelioration of mucosal changes via unknown mechanisms	Not specified	Unknown, possibly anti-inflammatory