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. 2024 Aug 31;10(17):e37291. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37291

Table 4.

Swelling capacity (S.C.), water absorption capacity (WHC), water retention capacity (WRC), and oil retention capacity (OHC) of the cake without treatment and the cake with autoclave and hot air treatments.

SC WHC WRC OHC
Control 5.094 ± 0.124a 6.687 ± 0.651a 4.751 ± 0.105a 1.884 ± 0.110c
AC 10 3.231 ± 0.189c 4.824 ± 0.272cd 3.456 ± 0.071b 2.462 ± 0.143ab
AC 20 3.921 ± 0.278b 5.132 ± 0.359bcd 3.129 ± 0.178b 2.002 ± 0.052c
AC 30 3.400 ± 0.201c 4.705 ± 0.329d 3.119 ± 0.101c 2.002 ± 0.036c
HAS 10 3.306 ± 0.245c 5.732 ± 0.566b 3.505 ± 0.099b 2.577 ± 0.035a
HAS 20 3.285 ± 0.034c 5.226 ± 0.264bcd 3.140 ± 0.102c 2.405 ± 0.057b
HAS 30 3.251 ± 0.346c 5.523 ± 0.330bc 3.305 ± 0.139bc 2.591 ± 0.066a

Data are the mean values ± S.D. of six independent experiments (n = 6). Different superscript letter within the column indicates significant differences (p ≤ 0.05).