Table 1.

Cytokines and chemokines influencing macrophage polarity.

	M1 macrophage	M2 macrophage
Cytokines	IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, TNFα	IL-1RA, IL-4/IL-13, IL-10, IL-12, IL-23
Chemokines	CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, CXCL16, CX3CL1, CXCR3, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL8, CCL11, CCL15, CCL19, CCL20; NOS2, CD64, IDO, SOCS1	CCL1, CCL2, CCL5, CxCL10, CCL13, CCL14, CCL17, CCL18, CCL22, CCL23, CCL24, CCL26, CXCL16, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4