TABLE 1.

Distribution of Otopathogens in Nasopharyngeal Samples at Healthy Visits and at Acute Otitis Media Episodes, 2021–2023

	Healthy	AOM	P-value Healthy Versus AOM	AOM Follow-up
	n = 652	n = 173*		n = 71
Spn	159 (24%)	79 (46%)	<0.0001	22 (31%)
Spn oxacillin nonsusceptible†	61 (38%)	41 (52%)	0.05	12 (55%)
Hflu	66 (10%)	73 (42%)	<0.0001	29 (41%)‡
Hflu β-lactamase-producing†	16 (24%)	17 (23%)	NS	9 (31%)
Mcat §	269 (41%)	105 (61%)	<0.0001	29 (41%)

^*The percentage sum total in a column may be greater than 100% due to more than 1 type of otopathogen isolated from the same nasopharynx.

^†The percentage of antibiotic susceptibility (oxacillin nonsusceptibility and β-lactamase production) is calculated from total Spn and Hflu isolates as the denominator, respectively.

^‡Hflu was significant compared to Healthy (P < 0.0001) but not to AOM visits.

^§All of the Mcat strains were β-lactamase (+).

NS indicates not significant.