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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2024 Jun 4;165(10):2379–2386. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003286

Table 3.

Effect of PTSD at baseline on any prescription opioid use at 6-month follow-up

Unadjusted Fully Adjusted Fully Adjusted with imputation for missing values
Non-stratified 1.54 (1.02–2.30) 1.33 (0.86–2.04) 1.26 (0.82–1.93)
High ES 1.12 (0.66–1.88) 0.92 (0.53–1.60) 0.93 (0.53–1.62)
Not High ES 2.40 (1.24–4.64) 2.39 (1.14–4.99) 2.09 (1.04–4.19)
p-value for interaction 0.0747 0.0652 0.0683