Table 1.
Comparison of the basic data between the GDM group and the control group.
| Variables | GDM group (n=205) | Control group (n=201) | z value | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
| Age at delivery (years) | 33.93 ± 3.86 | 32.42 ± 4.14 | -3.692 | <0.001 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 37.79 ± 2.74 | 38.69 ± 1.31 | -4.503 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.31 ± 4.88 | 22.88 ± 2.58 | -0.218 | 0.828 |
| Prenatal BMI (kg/m2) | 26.25 ± 5.38 | 26.62 ± 11.29 | -0.088 | 0.930 |
| Educational age (years) | 15.78 ± 2.62 | 15.98 ± 2.35 | -0.659 | 0.510 |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin (%) | 5.05 ± 0.47 | 4.83 ± 0.34 | -5.967 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 2.32 ± 0.94 | 2.04 ± 1.22 | -3.673 | <0.001 |
| Neonatal body weight (kg) | 3.06 ± 0.46 | 3.13 ± 0.37 | -1.589 | 0.112 |
| SDS | 46.07 ± 9.73 | 40.52 ± 8.53 | -5.224 | <0.001 |
| GDM group | Control group | χ2 value | P value | |
| N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Employment situation | ||||
| Employed | 173 (84.4) | 176 (87.6) | 0.846 | 0.358 |
| Unemployed | 32 (15.6) | 25 (12.4) | ||
| Gravidity | ||||
| 1 | 84 (33.6) | 101 (50.2) | 5.236 | 0.073 |
| 2 | 57 (22.8) | 56 (27.9) | ||
| 3 | 64 (25.6) | 44 (21.9) | ||
| Parity | ||||
| 1 | 125 (61.3) | 127 (63.2) | 0.344 | 0.842 |
| 2 | 71 (34.8) | 68 (33.8) | ||
| 3 | 8 (3.9) | 6 (3.0) | ||
| Children numbers | ||||
| 1 | 121 (59.0) | 123 (61.2) | 0.222 | 0.895 |
| 2 | 77 (37.6) | 72 (35.8) | ||
| 3 | 7 (3.4) | 6 (3.0) | ||
| Payment | ||||
| Without insurance | 29 (14.1) | 35 (17.4) | 0.816 | 0.366 |
| Medical insurance | 176 (85.9) | 166 (82.6) | ||
| Monthly income of family | ||||
| CNY < 10 000 | 79 (38.5) | 52 (25.9) | 7.621 | 0.220 |
| CNY 10 000 – 20 000 | 73 (35.6) | 90 (44.8) | ||
| CNY > 20 000 | 53 (25.9) | 59 (29.4) | ||
| History of abnormal pregnancy | ||||
| Yes | 20 (9.8) | 15 (7.5) | 0.678 | 0.410 |
| No | 185 (90.2) | 186 (92.5) | ||
| History of induced abortion | ||||
| Yes | 59 (28.8) | 38 (18.9) | 5.443 | 0.020 |
| No | 146 (71.2) | 163 (81.1) | ||
| History of spontaneous abortion | ||||
| Yes | 28 (13.7) | 28 (13.9) | 0.006 | 0.937 |
| No | 177 (86.3) | 173 (86.1) | ||
| History of GDM | ||||
| Yes | 60 (29.3) | 37 (18.4) | 6.583 | 0.010 |
| No | 145 (70.7) | 164 (81.6) | ||
GDM, Gestational diabetes mellitus. Bold value means P<0.05.