Schematic representation of the m6A RNA modification complex
The m6A methylation is catalyzed by the writer complex, including METTL3, METTL14, METTL16, WTAP, vir-like m6A methyltransferase-associated (VIRMA), RBM15/15B, zinc-finger CCCH-type-containing 13 (ZC3H13), zinc finger CCHC-type containing 4 (ZCCHC4), oncogene-like protein 1 (CBLL1), METTL5, and tRNA methyltransferase activator subunit 11-2 (TRMT112). The m6A modification is erased by demethylases, including FTO and ALKBH5. The m6A-modified RNA reader proteins include YTHDFs, YTHDCs, IGF2BPs, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (HNRNPs), and FMRP. The m6A modification modulates the following processes: microRNA biogenesis, RNA export, alternative splicing, RNA translation, RNA decay, and RNA stability.