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. 2024 Sep 18;15:8176. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-52429-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a RNAscope images showing cells that co-express Nurr1 and D1R mRNA in murine CLA (scale-bar: 30 µm). b Pie-chart and bar-graph showing the percentage of Nurr1/D1R double-positive cells (*p = 0.0027, Two-sided Paired t-test). c Illustration of the D1R-mCherry mouse-line construct. d Immunofluorescent images showing Nurr1/TrpC double-positive cells in CLA (scale-bar: 30 µm). e Illustration of D1R-Nurr1cKO mouse strain construct. f Left: ISH autoradiographs showing Nurr1 mRNA at CLA and SNc level. Right: Line-graphs (upper) and bar graphs (lower) showing the Nurr1 mRNA OD quantification in CLA, L6b, SNc, CA1, and SUB (Ctrl-CLA and Ctrl-L6b: n = 5, D1R-Nurr1cKO-CLA and D1R-Nurr1cKO-L6b: n = 6, Ctrl-SNc, Ctrl-CA1, and Ctrl-SUB: n = 3, D1R-Nurr1cKO-SNc, D1R-Nurr1cKO-CA1, and D1R-Nurr1cKO-SUB: n = 3; CLA: *p < 0.0001, L6b: *p = 0.0002, SNc: *p = 0.0384, SUB: *p = 0.0055, Two-sided Unpaired t-test). g, h Illustration (g) and fluorescent images (h) showing unilateral retrograde tracing of CLA with Fg (left scale bar: 1 mm, central scale-bar: 200 µm, right scale-bar: 20 µm). i–n Illustration of behavioral task (left) and boxplots (right) showing mice’ performance at Y-maze (i) (Ctrl: n = 11, D1R-Nurr1cKO: n = 12), passive avoidance task (j) (Ctrl: n = 20, D1R-Nurr1cKO: n = 25), auditory destruction task auditory destruction task (k) (Ctrl: n = 13, D1R-Nurr1cKO: n = 10), pre-pulse inhibition task (l) (Ctrl: n = 23, D1R-Nurr1cKO: n = 9), sucrose preference task (m) (Ctrl: n = 13, D1R-Nurr1cKO: n = 11) and forced swim test (n) (Ctrl: n = 26, D1R-Nurr1cKO: n = 9). Data in line-graphs and bar graphs are expressed as mean ± SEM and mean ± minima/maxima respectively. Boxplots show all data points, the 25th and 75th percentile (box), the median (center), and the minima/maxima (whiskers). OD: optic density, arb: arbitrary units, AI: agranular insula, CLA: rodent claustrum/dorsal endopiriform cortex complex, CP: caudoputamen, AUC: area under the curve, FC: fold change, SNr: substantia nigra reticular part, SNc: substantia nigra compact part, RN: reticular nucleus, TEa: temporal association areas, sr: stratum radiatum of CA1, mo: molecular layer of dentate gyrus, SUB: subiculum, fp: posterior forceps of corpus callosum. ISH: in situ hybridization, MOs: secondary motor area, ACA: anterior cingulate area, Fg: fluorogold, rgAAV: retrograde adeno-associated virus, Tdt: tdtomato. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.