Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2024 Sep 18;15:8176. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-52429-9

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 7 — a, b Illustrations and coronal fUS image showing the experimental procedure the brain regions that were selected (PFC: gray, SM: pink). c–e pfUS images (c), heatmaps (d), and graphs (e) showing CBV changes after DOI (p = 0.4181, Two-sided Unpaired t-test). f Heatmaps showing the mean Δz-transformed-r-coefficient (correlation with the rest cortical regions) over time after DOI. g Graphs showing the Δz-transformed r-coefficient over time between PFC and SM (*p = 0.045, Two-sided Unpaired t-test). h–j pfUS images (h), heatmaps (i), and graphs (j) showing CBV changes after U69 (p = 0.7830, Two-sided Unpaired t-test). k Heatmaps showing the mean Δz-transformed r-coefficient (correlation with the rest cortical regions) change over time after U69. l Graphs showing the Δz-transformed r-coefficient change over time between PFC and SM regions (*p = 0.0282, Two-sided Unpaired t-test). m Illustration showing the neuropixel probe electrophysiological recordings. n Fluorescent images and 3d brain reconstruction showing the course of neuropixel probes in the brain (scale-bars: 1 mm). o Represenative raster plots showing the firing rate of the units after DOI. p Representative correlograms showing the Δz-transformed r-coefficient between the units of the two neuropixel probes (MOs and SSp probe). q Boxplot/violin plot graph showing the MOs to SSp unit Δz-transformed r-coefficient (Ctrl mice: n = 3, Ctrl-units: n = 281, D1R-Nurr1cKO-mice: n = 4, D1R-Nurr1cKO-units: n = 387, AAV-Nurr1cKO-mice: n = 3, AAV-Nurr1cKO-units: n = 351; #p < 0.001, Two-sided One-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test, mean = 0; Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.0001, *p < 0.01, Dunn’s post-hoc test). Data in line-graphs are expressed as mean ± SEM (Ctrl: DOI/U69 vs baseline: #FDR < 0.05, D1R-Nurr1cKO: DOI/U69 vs baseline: §FDR < 0.05). Animal numbers in all pfUS graphs: Ctrl: n = 15, D1R-Nurr1cKO: n = 6. Boxplots show all data points, the 25th and 75th percentile (box), the median (center), and the maxima (whiskers). pfUS: pharmacological functional ultrasound, fc: functional connectivity, DOI: 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, U69: U-69,593, ISO: isoflurane, DEX: dexmedetomidine, Veh: vehicle, SSp: primary somatosensory area, ACA: anterior cingulate area, MOs: secondary motor area, MOp: primary motor area, PFC: prefrontal cortex, SM: sensorimotor areas, CBV: cerebral blood volume, AUC: area under the curve, NPx: neuropixel, Sal: saline. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.