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. 2024 Sep 17;14:21651. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-71818-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — Effects of Kir channel inhibition in the RTN on sleep–wake architecture. Microinjections of kir channel blocker BaCl₂ in the RTN (n = 6) significantly increased (A) wakefulness amount compared to the baseline and vehicle p < 0.01, F_(3,23) = 78.85), One way RM ANOVA, followed by post-hoc Tukey test. (B) However, BaCl₂ microinjections with low dose (1 mM) and high dose (2 mM) in the RTN significantly decreased NREM sleep amount compared to baseline and vehicle (p < 0.001, F_(3,23) = 88.61). (C) However, REM sleep amount did not change either with a low dose or a high dose of BaCl₂ microinjections into the RTN compared to baseline or vehicle (p > 0.05; F_(3,23) = 40.39). *Denotes p < 0.05, ** denotes p < 0.01, *** denotes p < 0.001.