Table 4.
Estimated sex differences in factors influencing cortical iron density.
| (0) M0 | (1a) with leptomeningeal vessel remodeling | (1b) with leptomeningeal vessel remodeling interaction with sex | (2a) with leptomeningeal CAA area (%) | (2b) with leptomeningeal CAA area (%): sex | (3a) with cortical CAA area (%) | (3b) with cortical CAA area (%): sex | (4) comprehensive model | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at death (years) | estimate = –0.541 (–1.412–0.432) a p = 0.231 |
estimate = –0.6241 (–1.468–0.218) p = 0.143 |
estimate = –0.649 (–1.458–0.159) p = 0.114 |
estimate = –0.640 (–1.525–0.255) p = 0.154 |
estimate = –0.740 (–1.596–0.135) p = 0.094 |
estimate = –0.577 (–13.108–3.392) p = 0.182 |
estimate = –0.522 (–1.331–0.2888) p = 0.199 |
estimate = –0.613 (–1.368–0.144) p = 0.111 |
| Sex (men 0, women 1) | estimate = –5.252 (–2.080–0.886) a p = 0.473 |
estimate = –3.147 (–17.012–10.728) p = 0.646 |
estimate = 4.437 (–12.391–20.779) p = 0.592 |
estimate = –5.667 (–19.876–8.667) p = 0.423 |
estimate = 9.272 (–19.172–36.698) p = 0.505 |
Estimate = –5.687 (–19.679–8.476) p = 0.415 |
estimate = –18.958 (–36.549 to –0.832)
p = 0.038 |
estimate = –14.236 (–31.180–3.315) p = 0.102 |
| Leptomeningeal grade III vessel remodeling |
estimate = 7.189 (2.324–12.059)
p = 0.005 |
estimate = 9.735 (3.853–15.618)
p = 0.002 |
estimate = 6.545 (1.749–11.335) p = 0.008 |
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| Leptomeningeal grade III vessel remodeling: sex | estimate = –7.686 (–18.034–2.609) p = 0.139 |
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| Leptomeningeal CAA area (%) | estimate = 0.170 (–0.164–0.492) p = 0.299 |
estimate = 0.303 (–0.091–0.676) p = 0.115 |
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| Leptomeningeal CAA area (%): sex | estimate = –0.434 (–1.133–0.287) p = 0.222 |
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| Cortical CAA area (%) | estimate = –4.733 (–13.108–3.392) p = 0.235 |
estimate = –11.352 (–21.378 to –1.384)
p = 0.022 |
estimate = –10.362 (–20.040 to –0.752)
p = 0.028 |
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| Cortical CAA area (%): sex |
estimate = 17.191 (1.351–33.279)
p = 0.034 |
estimate = 13.516 (–1.97–29.276)
p = 0.084 |
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| Log likelihood | –284.0 | –279.9 | –278.9 | –283.5 | –282.8 | –283.4 | –281 | –278 |
| AIC | 580 | 574 | 573 | 581 | 582 | 580 | 578 | 573 |
| BIC | 593 | 589 | 591 | 597 | 599 | 596 | 596 | 593 |
| ANOVA outcome (m0, . . .) | 0.004364 | 0.141242 | 0.3066 | 0.2307 | 0.2521 | 0.03377 | 0.005082 |
Results are obtained from the fixed effects of linear mixed effects (LME) models looking at the influence of sex on cortical iron density. Subject and cortical region (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital) were set as random factors for the intercept. Data represent standardized fixed effects estimates with confidence intervals and statistical significance. Models were compared using likelihood ratio tests; smaller AIC and BIC values indicate a better model fit.
a
95% CI obtained via bootstrapping.
Significant effects are highlighted in bold; trend toward significance are highlighted in italics.