Table 1.
Comparing the baseline characteristics of studied patients between groups underwent the incentive spirometer (IS) and control group
| Variables | Control group | IS group | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | |||
| Mean ± SD | 49.66 ± 12.15 | 47.77 ± 9.83 | 0.28 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 38 (47.5) | 42 (52.5) | 0.53 |
| Female | 42 (52.5) | 38 (47.5) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||
| Mean ± SD | 23.39 ± 3.86 | 24.06 ± 4.53 | 0.32 |
| SpO 2 (%) | |||
| Free air | 87.80 ± 4.7 | 87.80 ± 5.05 | 0.99 |
| With O2 therapy | 95.20 ± 3.67 | 95.94 ± 3.41 | 0.19 |
| VBG parameters | |||
| pCO2 (mmHg) | 44.80 ± 6.71 | 43.92 ± 6.79 | 0.41 |
| HCO3 (mEq/L) | 28.22 ±3.7 | 27.89 ± 3.68 | 0.56 |
| pH | 7.41 ± .04 | 7.42 ± .04 | 0.18 |
| Modified Borg Scale | |||
| At rest | 2.23 ± 2.23 | 2.41 ± 2.09 | 0.32 |
| After activity | 4.41 ± 3.27 | 4.9 ± 3.43 | 0.32 |
| RR (n/minute) | |||
| Mean ± SD | 24.55 ± 7.54 | 25.83 ± 6.58 | 0.25 |
| Length of stay (day) | |||
| Mean ± SD | 7.01 ± 4.84 | 6.5 ± 5.34 | 0.53 |
| CRP (mg/L) | |||
| Mean ± SD | 47.76 ± 25.35 | 55.77 ± 39.04 | 0.13 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | |||
| Mean ± SD | 581.63 ± 607.19 | 669.30±683.78 | 0.89 |
| Smoking | |||
| Yes | 16 (20) | 15 (18.75) | 0.84 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 15 (18.75) | 13 (16.5) | 0.78 |
| Heart disease | 6 (7.5) | 7 (8.75) | |
| Hypertension | 13 (16.5) | 16 (20) | |
| Kidney disease | 1 (1.25) | 2 (2.5) | |
| Other | 6 (7.5) | 8 (10) | |
| Oxygenation method | |||
| Cannula | 6 (7.5) | 5 (6.25) | 0.86 |
| Mask | 74 (92.5) | 75 (93.75) |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or frequency (%). BMI: body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; IS: Incentive Spirometer; pCO2: Mixed venous CO2 pressure; SpO2: Oxygen saturation; VBG: venous blood gas analyses; RR: respiratory rate; M: Mean; SD: standard deviation; n: Number.