Fig. 3.

Integrated freshwater biodiversity (a. taxonomic diversity based IABI, b. functional diversity based IABI, c. phylogenetic diversity based IABI) responses to multiple anthropogenic stressors (Land use, Water quality, and Hydrology) and natural factors (Nature) in the Yangtze River basin. Note: IABI refers to Integrated Aquatic Biodiversity Index. The numbers adjacent to the arrows are path coefficients, which indicate the direct standardized effect size of the relationship. Significant paths and their corresponding coefficients were highlighted in red. The sign of * indicates the degree of significance where * refers to p < 0.05, ** refers to p < 0.01, and *** refers to p < 0.001, respectively.