Comparative analysis of conventional versus microwave pyrolysis methods.
| Physical parameters | Conventional pyrolysis | Microwave pyrolysis |
|---|---|---|
| Heating procedure | Inconsistent surface heating | Internal and bulk heating |
| Physical activation temperature (°C) | 750–1000 | 600–900 |
| Chemical activation temperature (°C) | 400–700 | 300–650 |
| Physical activation time (min) | 30–300 | 15–210 |
| Chemical activation time (min) | 30–120 | 5–20 |
| Process flexibility | Less flexible | Flexible |
| Heat control | Not as exact | Accurate and regulated heating |
| Char yield | 15–20% | 20–35% |
| Gas yield | 10–15% | 30–60% |
| Bio-oil yield | 65–75% | 30–60% |
| Capital plant expenses, USD | ∼16 300 | ∼20 000 |
| Complexity | Low | High |