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. 2024 Sep 18;24:995. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09911-y

Table 2.

Circumstances of the exposure incident for the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Characteristic The results
The entire observed period Before the pandemic During the pandemic
Month of injury, N (%) January 20 (8) 8 (6.3) 12 (11)
February 18 (7) 10 (8) 8 (7.1)
March 19 (8) 14 (11) 5 (4.4)
April 10 (4) 4 (3.1) 6 (5.3)
May 17 (7) 7 (5.5) 10 (9)
June 19 (8) 17 (13) 2 (1.8)
July 27 (11) 19 (15) 8 (7.1)
August 12 (5) 8 (6.3) 4 (3.5)
September 20 (8) 10 (8) 10 (9)
October 22 (9) 6 (4.7) 16 (14)
November 30 (12) 15 (12) 15 (13)
December 27 (11) 10 (8) 17 (15)
What time did the exposure incident occur, N (%) First shift (6 AM – 2 PM) 173 (72) 101 (79) 72 (64)
Second shift (2 PM − 10 PM) 42 (17) 19 (15) 23 (20)
Third shift (10 PM – 6 AM) 23 (10) 6 (4.7) 17 (15)
On-call (24 h) 3 (1.2) 2 (1.6) 1 (0.9)
How long the employee was at work at the time of the exposure incident, median (range) 4 (0–18) 4 (0.5–15) 3 (0–18)
Personal protective equipment used at the time of the exposure incident, N (%) Gloves 212 (88) 105 (82) 107 (95)
Surgical mask 109 (45) 0 60 (53)
Prescription glasses 32 (13) 12 (9) 20 (18)
Goggles/visor 50 (21) 4 (3.1) 46 (41)
Linen coat/cloak 50 (21) 26 (20) 24 (21)
PVC coat/cloak 31 (13) 6 (4.7) 25 (22)
Respirator mask 17 (8) 0 17 (15)
Protective suit 9 (3.7) 0 9 (8)
Surgical cap 8 (3.3) 3 (2.3) 5 (4.5)
Nothing 17 (7.1) 17 (13) 0
The object with which the exposure incident occurred, N (%) Needle 181 (75) 88 (69) 93 (82)
Scalpel 21 (9) 13 (10) 8 (7.1)
Tweezers 1 (0.4) 1 (0.8) 0
The rest 38 (16) 26 (20) 12 (11)
During which activity did the exposure incident occur, N (%) Blood extractions 47 (20) 27 (22) 20 (18)
Giving an injection 49 (20) 15 (12) 34 (31)
Administering an infusion 4 (1.7) 1 (0.8) 3 (2.7)
Surgical procedure 48 (20) 37 (29) 11 (10)
In the laboratory 6 (2.5) 4 (3.1) 2 (1.8)
The rest 75 (31) 38 (30) 37 (33)
Placement of peripheral cannula 12(5) 6 (4.7) 6 (5.3)
Type of injury, N (%) Prick 199 (83) 102 (80) 97 (86)
Tax 13 (5) 6 (4.7) 7 (6.2)
Scratch 7 (3) 4 (3.1) 3 (2.7)
A bite 2 (0.8) 2 (1.6) 0
Splashing in the eyes 11 (5) 7 (5.5) 4 (3.5)
Spray in the mouth 1 (0.4) 1 (0.8) 0
Spray on apparently intact skin 5 (2.1) 3 (2.3) 2 (1.8)
Spray on obviously damaged skin 3 (1.2) 3 (2.3) 0
The rest 0 0 0
Biological material with which there was contact, N (%) Blood 187 (78) 96 (75) 91 (81)
Serum 0 0 0
Saliva 5 (2.1) 2 (1.6) 3 (2.7)
Tears 0 0 0
Stool 0 0 0
Urine 2 (0.8) 2 (1.6) 0
The rest 17 (8) 13 (10) 4 (3.5)
Unknown 27 (11) 15(12) 12 (11)
There is no data 3 (1.2) 0 3 (2.7)