Table 3. Mean daily intakes of energy (kilocalories) and macronutrients stratified by age group and sex.
| Total (8-12 y) | Children | Total (13-19 y) | Adolescents | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boys | Girls | p-value | Boys | Girls | p-value | |||
| Energy and macronutrients | ||||||||
| Total energy intake (EI) (kcal) | 1796.4 ± 557.09 | 1950.01 ± 602.39 | 1638 ± 457.83 | <0.001 | 1872.57 ± 579.06 | 2116.34 ± 600.39 | 1688.5 ± 488.8 | <0.001 |
| Total carbohydrates (g) | 230.82 ± 73.95 | 247.83 ± 81.84 | 213.33 ± 60.38 | 0.001 | 234.47 ± 75.26 | 260.96 ± 76.41 | 214.47 ± 68.02 | <0.001 |
| % From the total EI | 51.75 ± 6.61 | 51.11 ± 7.11 | 52.4 ± 6.02 | 0.154 | 50.37 ± 7.34 | 49.72 ± 6.91 | 50.86 ± 7.63 | 0.153 |
| Total protein (g) | 59.19 ± 20.82 | 65.43 ± 23.61 | 52.77 ± 15.11 | <0.001 | 67.72 ± 25.92 | 78.99 ± 28.54 | 59.21 ± 19.96 | <0.001 |
| % From the total EI | 13.24 ± 2.45 | 13.046 ± 2.53 | 13.01 ± 2.34 | 0.184 | 14.58 ± 3.69 | 15.01 ± 3.69 | 14.24 ± 3.66 | 0.056 |
| Total fat (g) | 73.32 ± 27.85 | 80.17 ± 29.29 | 66.27 ± 24.49 | <0.001 | 75.79 ± 29.45 | 86.01 ± 32.02 | 68.08 ± 24.77 | <0.001 |
| % From the total EI | 36.33 ± 6.05 | 36.73 ± 6.23 | 35.93 ± 5.85 | 0.333 | 36.05 ± 6.6 | 36.1 ± 6.44 | 36.02 ± 6.73 | 0.915 |
| Type of fat | ||||||||
| Polyunsaturated fats (g) | 10.91 ± 7.25 | 12.24 ± 8.09 | 9.54 ± 6.01 | 0.006 | 10.86 ± 7.05 | 12.69 ± 8.07 | 9.47 ± 5.81 | <0.001 |
| % From the total EI | 5.26 ± 2.58 | 5.42 ± 2.73 | 5.09 ± 2.43 | 0.354 | 5.11 ± 2.54 | 5.25 ± 2.54 | 5 ± 2.55 | 0.354 |
| Monounsaturated fats (g) | 19.29 ± 10.28 | 21.32 ± 11.02 | 17.21 ± 9.04 | 0.003 | 19.79 ± 11.36 | 23.24 ± 12.59 | 17.17 ± 9.57 | <0.001 |
| % From the total EI | 9.55 ± 3.98 | 9.76 ± 4.21 | 9.33 ± 3.74 | 0.434 | 9.4 ± 4.17 | 9.83 ± 4.37 | 9.09 ± 3.99 | 0.105 |
| Saturated fats (g) | 16.35 ± 7.47 | 18.33 ± 7.46 | 14.31 ± 6.93 | <0.001 | 16.32 ± 8.15 | 18.69 ± 9.09 | 14.53 ± 6.85 | <0.001 |
| % From the total EI | 8.16 ± 2.66 | 8.52 ± 2.64 | 7.8 ± 2.64 | 0.047 | 7.78 ± 2.78 | 7.87 ± 2.7 | 7.7 ± 2.85 | 0.603 |
| Trans fat (g) | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.52 ± 0.81 | 0.47 ± 0.8 | 0.64 | 0.6 ± 1.2 | 0.81 ± 1.51 | 0.45 ± 0.88 | 0.006 |
| % From the total EI | 0.25 ± 0.43 | 0.25 ± 0.42 | 0.26 ± 0.43 | 0.863 | 0.27 ± 0.48 | 0.3 ± 0.52 | 0.24 ± 0.46 | 0.254 |
| Omega-3 Fatty acids (g) | 0.57 ± 0.5 | 0.64 ± 0.53 | 0.48 ± 0.45 | 0.018 | 0.63 ± 0.5 | 0.73 ± 0.58 | 0.56 ± 0.49 | 0.004 |
| Omega-6 Fatty acids (g) | 5.96 ± 5.24 | 6.86 ± 5.7 | 5.03 ± 4.57 | 0.01 | 6.12 ± 5.12 | 6.89 ± 5.73 | 5.53 ± 4.53 | 0.015 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 133.22 ± 93.74 | 147.76 ± 100.9 | 118.28 ± 83.61 | 0.02 | 168.07 ± 150.1 | 218.51 ± 192.64 | 129.8 ± 90.47 | <0.001 |
MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; FA: fatty acids; EI: energy intake.
*
p-value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant (2-tailed).