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. 2024 Sep 4;12:1412634. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1412634

Table 1.

Comparison of characteristics between children included and excluded from this study in the GUSTO cohort.

Included children (N = 432) Excluded children (N = 316) P-value1
Sex 0.274
Female 204 (47%) 162 (51%)
Male 228 (53%) 154 (49%)
Ethnicity 0.013
Chinese 251 (58%) 188 (59%)
Malay 118 (27%) 62 (20%)
Indian 63 (15%) 66 (21%)
Maternal education 0.005
Before secondary 136 (32%) 73 (24%)
Post-secondary 153 (35%) 95 (31%)
University 143 (33%) 135 (45%)
Missing data 0 13
Maternal age at recruitment 0.996
<27 years 101 (23%) 74 (24%)
27–33 years 177 (41%) 128 (41%)
>33 years 154 (36%) 113 (35%)
Missing data 0 1
Body Mass Index of children (kg/m2), Mean (SD)
At age 5 years 15.49 (1.85) 15.37 (2.28) 0.45
At age 8 years 16.42 (2.84) 16.16 (3.08) 0.24

SD, standard deviation. 1Pearson’s Chi-squared test for categorical variables; 2-sample t-test for continuous variables.