Table 5.
Prospective associations of parents/caregivers reported domain-specific sedentary behavior at ages 5.5 and 8 years with executive function at age 8.5 years and academic achievement scores at age 9 years in the GUSTO cohort study.
| Executive function at age 8.5 years | Academic achievement at age 9 years | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| Mean difference (95% CI) | p-value | Mean difference (95% CI) | p-value | Mean difference (95% CI) | p-value | Mean difference (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Sedentary behavior at age 5.5 years | n = 270 | n = 270 | n = 251 | n = 251 | ||||
| Total SVT, h/day | −0.012 (−0.065, 0.042) | 0.664 | 0.004 (−0.051, 0.059) | 0.884 | −0.098 (−0.175, −0.020) | 0.014 | −0.071 (−0.149, 0.006) | 0.072 |
| Television time, h/day | 0.004 (−0.086, 0.093) | 0.934 | 0.012 (−0.080, 0.105) | 0.794 | −0.154 (−0.289, −0.020) | 0.025 | −0.131 (−0.262, 0.000) | 0.051 |
| Handheld devices time, h/day | −0.043 (−0.147, 0.061) | 0.418 | −0.011 (−0.119, 0.096) | 0.835 | −0.124 (−0.272, 0.023) | 0.098 | −0.058 (−0.203, 0.088) | 0.435 |
| Playing board/card games (yes) | 0.003 (−0.161, 0.168) | 0.972 | −0.034 (−0.200, 0.131) | 0.683 | 0.157 (−0.078, 0.393) | 0.189 | 0.082 (−0.143, 0.307) | 0.473 |
| Reading books, h/day | 0.142 (−0.027, 0.311) | 0.099 | 0.142 (−0.026, 0.309) | 0.097 | 0.303 (0.020, 0.587) | 0.036 | 0.187 (−0.087, 0.460) | 0.180 |
| Sedentary behavior at age 8 years | n = 338 | n = 338 | n = 315 | n = 315 | ||||
| Total SVT, h/day | −0.029 (−0.064, 0.005) | 0.097 | 0.003 (−0.031, 0.038) | 0.858 | −0.095 (−0.141, −0.049) | <0.001 | −0.062 (−0.106, −0.018) | 0.006 |
| Television time, h/day | −0.057 (−0.115, 0.001) | 0.056 | −0.015 (−0.072, 0.042) | 0.603 | −0.166 (−0.245, −0.087) | <0.001 | −0.091 (−0.167, −0.015) | 0.019 |
| Handheld devices time, h/day | −0.008 (−0.072, 0.055) | 0.797 | 0.043 (−0.019, 0.105) | 0.174 | −0.127 (−0.211, −0.043) | 0.003 | −0.071 (−0.150, 0.009) | 0.081 |
| Playing board/card games (yes) | 0.140 (−0.014, 0.294) | 0.076 | 0.095 (−0.054, 0.245) | 0.211 | 0.015 (−0.195, 0.226) | 0.886 | −0.068 (−0.262, 0.126) | 0.493 |
| Reading books, h/day | 0.221 (0.094, 0.348) | 0.001 | 0.134 (0.009, 0.259) | 0.036 | 0.408 (0.228, 0.589) | <0.001 | 0.302 (0.132, 0.472) | <0.001 |
MB, movement behaviors; CI, confidence interval. Model 1: unadjusted. Model 2: adjusted for child sex, ethnicity, BMI at age 5 or 8 years and maternal age and education + accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sleep. Total screen viewing time or television and handheld devices time, playing board/card games and reading books were mutually adjusted. Significant associations are shown in bold.