Figure 3.

Number of functional phages (PFU) produced when rebooting by transformation (light gray squares) or cell-free TXTL reaction (dark gray dots). A total of 96 ng of commercial control T7 DNA, GG-assembled DNA, and yeast-assembled DNA were used for rebooting. Horizontal bars indicate the mean of six biological replicates; exact values are shown in Supplementary Tables S10 and S11. The limit of detection was 1 × 10⁰ PFU. Rebooting of yeast-assembled DNA by TXTL reactions produced no phages, indicated by “nil.” Two of the replicates for TXTL rebooting of yeast-assembled DNA did not produce any phages. Significance was determined by unpaired t-test or Welch’s t-test depending on the variance between groups (Supplementary data). “ns” indicates no statistical significance, and *, **, and **** indicate statistical significance with P values below 0.05, 0.01, and 0.0001, respectively.