TABLE 1.
Summary of Eligible Studies
| Authors | Year | Journal | Number of Cases of Hypertrophic Nonunion | Fixation Device Used | Percentage Achieving Bony Union (%) | Mean Time to Union (mo) | Complications |
| Jia Xu, Ya-Chao Jia, Qing-Lin Kang, Yi-Min Chai1 | 2015 | Injury: International Journal of the Care of the Injured | 12 | Circular external fixator | 100 | 8 | Superficial pin tract infection (3), Achilles tendon contracture (2) |
| Scott Jacob Schoenleber, James Jackson Hutson Jr2 | 2014 | Foot & Ankle International | 8 | Circular external fixator (3), hexapod external fixator (5) | 100 | 5.8 | Superficial pin tract infection (2), pin site infection requiring intravenous antibiotics plus incision and drainage (1), premature consolidation (1), residual LLD (1), broken olive wire requiring reoperation (1) |
| S. Robert Rozbruch, David L. Helfet, Arkady Blyakher3 | 2002 | Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery | 2 | Hexapod external fixator | 100 | 3.95 | No complications reported |
| S. Robert Rozbruch, John E. Herzenberg, Kevin Tetsworth, H. Robert Tuten, Dror Paley4 | 2002 | Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research | 5 | Circular external fixator (2), monolateral external fixator (3) | 100 | 4.4 | Superficial pin tract infection (2), knee effusion (1), change in mechanical axis deviation and anatomical femorotibial angle (1) |
| Michael Saleh, Simon Royston6 | 1996 | Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery | 10 | Circular external fixator (7), monolateral external fixator (3) | 100 | 10.2 | No complications reported |
| Dror Paley, Maurizio A. Catagni, Fabio Arganani, Angelo Villa, Gian Batista Benedetti, Roberto Cattaneo8 | 1989 | Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research | 3 | Circular external fixator | N/A | N/A | No complications reported |
| Dror Paley, Miland Chaudray, A. Michael Pirone, Pamela Lentz, Douglas Kautz9 | 1990 | Orthopaedic Clinics of North America | 2 | Circular external fixator | N/A | N/A | Superficial pin tract infection (2) |
| Maurizio A. Catagni, Francesco Guerreschi, Jeffrey A. Holman, Robert Cattaneo10 | 1994 | Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research | 21 | Circular external fixator | 100 | 6.5 | Axial collapse of regenerate due to premature removal of the fixator (1) |
| N. Ferreira, L. C. Marais, C. Aldous11 | 2015 | The Bone and Joint Journal | 44 | Hexapod external fixator | 97.8 | 5.3 | Superficial pin tract infection (9), fine wire breakage secondary to trauma requiring replacement (1) |
| Mehmet Kocaoǧlu, Levent Eralp, Cengiz Sen, Mehmet Cakmak, Hakan Dincyürek, S. Bora Göksan12 | 2003 | Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma | 16 | Circular external fixator | 100 | 7.1 | Minor pin tract infection (3), deep infection requiring removal, replacement and debridement (1), Kirschner wire breakage (1), deformity recurrence due to patient refusal to wear protective brace (1) |
| N. Ferreira, L. C. Marais13 | 2016 | Strategies in Trauma and Limb Reconstruction | 2 | Hexapod external fixator | 100 | 3.1 | Superficial pin tract infection (1), deep pin tract infection requiring removal (1) |