Table 3.
Cultural humility training broadly, cultural knowledge training, and cultural skills training: Differences in perception by participants’ race
| Items | Asian (1) M (SD) or % “Yes” |
Black (2) M (SD) or % “Yes” |
Latinx (3) M (SD) or % “Yes” |
White (4) M (SD) or % “Yes” |
ANOVA or Chi-Square Test (χ2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CULTURAL HUMILITY TRAINING BROADLY | |||||
|
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| Cultural Humility Training Activities | |||||
|
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| As part of clinical training, my program offers the following cultural humility | |||||
|
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| Multiculturalism orientation | 38.10% | 47.37% | 34.62% | 56.67% | χ2 = 6.21, p = 0.10 |
|
| |||||
| Cultural plunge/Cultural immersion | 14.29% | 15.79% | 16.00% | 10.88% | χ2 = 3.72, p = 0.29 |
|
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| Multicultural case conference | 19.05% | 36.84% | 30.77% | 33.11% | χ2 = 1.93, p = 0.59 |
|
| |||||
| Didactics or workshops on cultural humility | 33.33% | 52.94% | 43.48% | 53.52% | χ2 = 3.48, p = 0.32 |
|
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| Perception of Cultural Humility Training | |||||
|
| |||||
| My program provides graduate students with up-to-date and empirically based training in cultural humility.b (n=194) | 2.59 (1.53) 1 < 4 | 3.11 (1.60) | 2.82 (1.62) | 3.52 (1.51) 4 > 1 | F (3,190) = 3.24, p <.05 |
|
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|
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| CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE TRAINING | |||||
|
| |||||
| Coursework | |||||
|
| |||||
| Diversity issues are infused throughout graduate courses rather than being isolated to a single lecture or course. b (n = 272) | 2.42 (1.41)1 < 4 | 3.16 (1.75)2 < 4 | 3.26 (1.63)3 < 4 | 4.03 (1.36)4 > 1,2,3 | F (3,268) =11.97, p <.001 |
| Does your program offer at least one graduate course focused on racial and social justice issues as they relate to clinical practice and clinical science? a (n = 278) | 75.00% | 61.54% | 87.10% | 76.65% | χ2 = 5.16, p = 0.16 |
|
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| CULTURAL SELF-AWARENESS TRAINING | |||||
|
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| Clinical Supervisor Discussion of Cultural Identities | |||||
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| Clinical supervisors regularly discuss trainee cultural identities during supervision. b (n=180) | 2.43 (1.60) | 2.94 (1.69) | 3.00 (1.75) | 3.12 (1.52) | F (3,176) = 1.18 p = 0.32 |
| Clinical supervisors regularly discuss client cultural identities during supervision. b (n=181) | 2.81 (1.69) 1 < 2,3,4 | 4.00 (1.66) 2 < 1 | 3.80 (1.51) 3 < 4; 3 > 1 | 4.50 (1.31) 4 > 1,3 | F (3,177) = 9.21 p <.001 |
|
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| Reflective Training Exercises | |||||
|
| |||||
| Cultural genogram exercise a (n=218) | 14.29% | 21.05% | 19.23% | 21.23% | χ2 = 0.57, p = 0.90 |
Note. M = Mean. SD = standard deviation. Superscript numbers denote significant differences in mean scores between classes based on Least Significant Difference post-hoc comparisons, ps < .05.
a
Responses were coded as yes versus no.
b
Responses ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree).