Table 4.

Cultural skills training and practices and program assessment of cultural humility: Differences in perception by participants’ position in program

Items	Total M (SD) or % “Yes”	Graduate Students M (SD) or “Yes”	Faculty, Supervisors, and/or Directors of Clinical Training M (SD) or % “Yes”	ANOVA or Chi-Square Test (χ2)
CULTURAL SKILLS TRAINING AND PRACTICES
Training in Assessment Tools
Graduate students in our program are trained in utilizing the DSM-5 cultural formulation interview or other instrument to assess cultural factors affecting the clinical encounter (e.g., racial identity, experiences of racial discrimination, cultural factors affecting help seeking). a (n=198)	52.02%	51.61%	53.49%	χ2 = 0.05, p = 0.83
Training in Addressing Racism-Related Stress
I am satisfied with the clinical training in treating racial trauma or addressing racial discrimination offered by my program.b,c (n=168)	N/A	2.04 (1.29)	N/A	N/A
Trainee Cultural Skills and Practices
When working with BIPOC clients, I assess individual strengths and resources such as resilience, self-efficacy, spirituality, faith, and religious values. c,d (n = 143)	N/A	1.65 (0.79)	N/A	N/A
When working with BIPOC clients, I assess factors related to racial microaggressions, racial discrimination, racial profiling, and racism, as potential factors triggering, precipitating or sustaining mental health problems. c,d (n = 148)	N/A	2.39 (1.06)	N/A	N/A
PROGRAM ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL HUMILITY
Trainee progress towards cultural humility or multicultural competence is regularly assessed in my program. b (n = 240)	3.06 (1.54)	2.87 (1.55)	3.78 (1.30)	F(1,238)=13.25 p <.001
In-house supervisor progress towards cultural humility or multicultural competence is regularly assessed in my program. b (n = 240)	1.83 (0.38)	1.82 (0.39)	1.88 (0.33)	F(1,238)=10.00 p = .40

Note. M = Mean. SD = standard deviation.

^aResponses were coded as yes versus no.

^bResponses ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree).

^cThis question was only asked of graduate students.

^dResponses ranged from 1 (always) to 5 (never).