Table 5.

Cultural skills training and practices and program assessment of cultural humility: Differences in perception by participants’ race

Items	Asian (1) M (SD) or % “Yes”	Black (2) M (SD) or % “Yes”	Latinx (3) M (SD) or % “Yes”	White (4) M (SD) or % “Yes”	ANOVA or Chi-Square Test (χ2)
CULTURAL SKILLS TRAINING AND PRACTICES
Training in Assessment Tools
Graduate students in our program are trained in utilizing the DSM-5 cultural formulation interview or other instrument to assess cultural factors affecting the clinical encounter (e.g., racial identity, experiences of racial discrimination, cultural factors affecting help seeking). a (n=198)	65%	41.18%	58.33%	50.41%	χ2 = 2.66, p = 0.45
Training in Addressing Racism-Related Stress
I am satisfied with the clinical training in treating racial trauma or addressing racial discrimination offered by my program.b,c (n=155)	2.10 (1.55)	1.71 (1.20)	1.88 (1.27)	2.03 (1.23)	F (3,151) = 0.34, p = 0.80
Trainee Cultural Skills and Practices
When working with BIPOC clients, I assess individual strengths and resources such as resilience, self-efficacy, spirituality, faith, and religious values. c,d (n = 132)	1.56 (0.62)	2.14 (0.77)	1.53 (0.72)	1.63 (0.82)	F (3,128) = 2.11 p = .10
When working with BIPOC clients, I assess factors related to racial microaggressions, racial discrimination, racial profiling, and racism, as potential factors triggering, precipitating or sustaining mental health problems. c,d (n = 132)	1.89 (0.96)	2.71 (1.07)	2.12 (1.05)	2.49 (1.02)	F (3,128) = 2.61 p = .05
PROGRAM ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL HUMILITY
Trainee progress towards cultural humility or multicultural competence is regularly assessed in my program. b (n = 223)	2.41 (1.33)	2.92 (1.60)	2.81 (1.64)	2.81 (1.64)	F (3,219) = 2.07 p = .12
In-house supervisor progress towards cultural humility or multicultural competence is regularly assessed in my program.b (n = 223)	1.82 (0.39)	1.95 (0.23)	1.78 (0.42)	1.83 (0.38)	F (3,221) = 0.80 p = .50

Note. M = Mean. SD = standard deviation.

^aResponses were coded as yes versus no.

^bResponses ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree).

^cThis question was only asked of graduate students.

^dResponses ranged from 1 (always) to 5 (never).