Table 3.
Associations between GRS and UCPCR (nmol/mmol), TIR, TAR, TBR, GCV and HbA1c
| UCPCR (detectable) | TIR ≥70% | TBR <4% | TAR <25% | GCV | HbA1c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: unadjusted | ||||||
| GRS-1 | 0.78 (0.69, 0.89)*** | 0.90 (0.80, 1.03) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.12) | 0.92 (0.81, 1.04) | 0.24 (−0.29, 0.78) | −0.02 (−0.79, 0.75) |
| GRS-2 | 0.84 (0.75, 0.93)*** | 0.91 (0.82, 1.01) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.06) | 0.92 (0.83, 1.02) | 0.47 (0.04, 0.90)* | −0.09 (−0.72, 0.53) |
| GRS-T2D | 1.26 (0.94, 1.70) | 1.01 (0.75, 1.36) | 1.41 (1.01, 1.96)* | 1.11 (0.82, 1.50) | −1.53 (−2.76, −0.29)* | −0.24 (−2.06, 1.59) |
| GRS-C1 | 2.78 (0.94, 8.16) | 1.01 (0.35, 2.97) | 1.24 (0.38, 4.00) | 0.58 (0.20, 1.74) | −0.94 (−5.39, 3.51) | 0.22 (−6.33, 6.78) |
| GRS-C2 | 4.62 (0.96, 22.15) | 1.87 (0.39, 8.90) | 0.67 (0.12, 3.62) | 0.53 (0.11, 2.59) | −2.03 (−8.48, 4.42) | −2.37 (−11.87, 7.13) |
| Model 2: adjusted for sex | ||||||
| GRS-1 | 0.78 (0.69, 0.89)*** | 0.90 (0.80, 1.03) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.12) | 0.92 (0.81, 1.04) | 0.23 (−0.30, 0.76) | −0.01 (−0.78, 0.76) |
| GRS-2 | 0.84 (0.75, 0.93)*** | 0.91 (0.82, 1.01) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.06) | 0.92 (0.83, 1.02) | 0.47 (0.04, 0.90)* | −0.10 (−0.72, 0.53) |
| GRS-T2D | 1.26 (0.93, 1.70) | 1.01 (0.75, 1.35) | 1.40 (1.01, 1.96)* | 1.11 (0.82, 1.50) | −1.51 (−2.74, −0.27)* | −0.25 (−2.07, 1.57) |
| GRS-C1 | 2.77 (0.94, 8.16) | 1.01 (0.34, 2.96) | 1.23 (0.38, 4.01) | 0.58 (0.20, 1.74) | −0.93 (−5.38, 3.52) | 0.19 (−6.36, 6.73) |
| GRS-C2 | 4.66 (0.97, 22.35) | 1.88 (0.39, 8.96) | 0.68 (0.13, 3.72) | 0.53 (0.11, 2.58) | −2.10 (−8.55, 4.35) | −2.21 (−11.69, 7.28) |
| Model 3: adjusted for sex and age at onset | ||||||
| GRS-1 | 0.82 (0.70, 0.94)** | 0.92 (0.81, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.07) | 0.01 (−0.51, 0.53) | −0.04 (−0.82, 0.74) |
| GRS-2 | 0.90 (0.80, 1.01) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.86, 1.08) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.05) | 0.24 (−0.19, 0.66) | −0.14 (−0.77, 0.50) |
| GRS-T2D | 1.22 (0.87, 1.71) | 0.98 (0.73, 1.33) | 1.39 (0.99, 1.94) | 1.09 (0.80, 1.47) | −1.35 (−2.54, −0.16)* | −0.23 (−2.05, 1.60) |
| GRS-C1 | 3.05 (0.91, 10.25) | 0.96 (0.32, 2.84) | 1.18 (0.36, 3.87) | 0.54 (0.18, 1.64) | −0.61 (−4.90, 3.67) | 0.27 (−6.29, 6.82) |
| GRS-C2 | 6.95 (1.19, 40.75)* | 1.85 (0.38, 8.96) | 0.67 (0.12, 3.67) | 0.51 (0.10, 2.53) | −1.68 (−7.89, 4.53) | −2.16 (−11.66, 7.33) |
| Model 4: adjusted for sex, age at onset and disease duration | ||||||
| GRS-1 | 0.86 (0.73, 1.01) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.06) | 1.00 (0.87, 1.15) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | −0.04 (−0.56, 0.48) | −0.11 (−0.89, 0.67) |
| GRS-2 | 0.93 (0.82, 1.06) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.86, 1.08) | 0.95 (0.86, 1.06) | 0.20 (−0.22, 0.62) | −0.18 (−0.82, 0.45) |
| GRS-T2D | 1.15 (0.79, 1.65) | 0.97 (0.72, 1.32) | 1.38 (0.99, 1.93) | 1.07 (0.79, 1.45) | −1.29 (−2.48, −0.10)* | −0.15 (−1.97, 1.67) |
| GRS-C1 | 1.60 (0.40, 6.31) | 0.87 (0.29, 2.61) | 1.13 (0.34, 3.71) | 0.47 (0.15, 1.43) | −0.05 (−4.36, 4.26) | 0.94 (−5.64, 7.52) |
| GRS-C2 | 2.54 (0.35–18.39) | 1.63 (0.33–7.97) | 0.61 (0.11–3.40) | 0.41 (0.08, 2.05) | −0.80 (−7.07, 5.47) | −1.15 (−10.70, 8.40) |
UCPCR was categorised as detectable/not detectable, TIR as above or below 70%, TAR as above or below 25%, TBR as above or below 4%. HbA1c and GCV were modelled as continuous outcomes. This table depicts logistic or linear regression models where the OR (for logistic regression) or β (for linear regression) are expressed per score point of the GRS. Values are OR (95% CI) for UCPCR, TIR, TBR and TAR, and β (95% CI) for GCV and HbA1c
Standard statistical notation was used: *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001